1. A homeothermic endotherm has a constant body temperature regulated from within. A heterothermic ectotherm has a fluctuating body temperature regulated by external forces.
2. Answers will vary.
3. Blood vessels transfer heat to other vessels.
4. Iguana lizards are ectotherms and are masters at moving about to maintain constant body temperature. Humans are endotherms and they don't usually worry about moving about to maintain body temperature. (It is not really necessary for humans.)
5. Ammonia - Protein and amino acid destruction
Urea - Protein and amino acid destruction
Uric acid - Protein and amino acid destruction
See page 776 and 777 for a more complete explanation.
6. Drawings should follow Figures 38.16 to 38.19.
7. Several answers may be possible but all should include the reabsorption of water by the system as it follows a concentration gradient. 8. Answers will vary. List could be quite long.
9. ADH enhances water reabsorption. Aldosterone increases the kidneys' salt retention.
10. Blood cleansing.
TO THINK ABOUT
1. Answers will vary. Survival of the fittest.
2. High salt concentration in sea water would cause water to leave your cells thus increasing dehydration.
3. Dehydration can be deadly.
4. One answer: The urethra is so close to the vagina.
5. Renin boosts aldosterone levels. Aldosterone increases salt retention. Increased salt retention can cause increased blood pressure.
6. Protein does not filter out, so it shouldn't be in the urine.
7. Not enough push to keep substances moving properly.
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