1a. ATP is required to drive the light-independent reactions.
b. NADPH is require to reduce CO2 to a carbohydrate.
c. CO2 is a raw material for carbohydrates.
d. H2O is a raw material for carbohydrates.
e. This is the key 5 carbon compound.
f. This is the 3 carbon compound that takes either the carbohydrate path or the RuBP path.
g. Glucose is an end photosynthetic product.
h. This is the pigment molecule that absorbs the photon energy.
2. These terms are defined in text. From smallest to largest they are: ETS, photosystem, reaction center, thylakoid membrane, chloroplast.
3. Light-dependent reactants are NADP+, H2O, and Energy. Products are NADPH, ATP, and O2. Light-independent reactants are ATP, NADPH, and CO2. Products are carbohydrate and H2O.
4. Photorespiration (or any of several other answers).
5. Answers will vary.
6. Plants are green because the chlorophyll reflects the green wavelengths of light.
7. They all absorb light wavelengths.
8. Answers will vary but should include a definition of each.
9. This allows for capture of more energy at different wavelengths.
10. Answers will vary.
11. Photorespiration fixes the O2 in CO2 rather than the carbon.
12. See pages 148-149.
13. See pages 148-149.
14. These reactions can occur in light or dark; light is irrelevant.
15. CO2 can enter at night when opening the stomata decreases the water loss. CO2 is stored in alternate forms, which maximizes the amount of CO2 in the plant.
TO THINK ABOUT
1. Answers will vary.
2. Somewhere back in the food chain an animal had to eat a plant.
3. The plants would be black because no light would be reflected. We see color based on reflected light.
4. Energy transfer.
5. Answers will vary.
6. This is probably a CAM plant. CAM's do not photorespire.
7. The photosynthetic efficiency of rice will be decreased more than the photosynthestic efficiency of corn.
8. Oxygen tends to form high-energy free radicals that can destroy cellular structures. Carotenoids protect from free radical damage.
9. If it weren't unidirectional, we wouldn't have enough ATP or NADPH.
10. CO2 is the raw material from which carbohydrates are made. Assuming water is plentiful, CO2 is also the limiting factor. Therefore, increasing the CO2 will increase the photosynthesis.
11. If everything else is the same, sulfur is taking the place of oxygen. Therefore, the sulfur will be cleaved as a waste and the hydrogen will be used.
12. Answers will vary.
13. Answers will vary.
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