Chapter 11 Outline

Cell Reproduction: Meiosis

Meiosis occurs at different times in the life cycle of plants, animals, and fungi, but its phases are the same. In humans, meiosis is a part of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. The contribution of meiosis to the evolutionary process is also included.

Chapter Outline

In this chapter outline, the learning objectives and the selected key terms are given for each major head in the chapter.

Halving the Chromosome Number (p. 170)

1. State the general role of meiosis in plant, animal, and fungal life cycles.

2. Describe and state the significance of homologous chromosomes.

Selected Key Terms: gamete, sexual reproduction, diploid (2n) number, meiosis,

haploid (n) number, homologous chromosome, homologue

How Meiosis Occurs (p. 172)

3. Give an overview of the process of meiosis and its stages, emphasizing the main

events.

4. Describe synapsis (bivalent formation), and tell how crossing-over

occurs.

synapsis, bivalent, tetrad, crossing-over

Meiosis Has Phases (p. 174)

5. Describe the phases of meiosis I in detail.

6. Describe the phases of meiosis II in detail.

Viewing the Human Life Cycle (p. 176)

7. Describe the human life cycle, and compare the process of meiosis to that of

mitosis.

8. Compare the process of spermatogenesis to that of oogenesis.

spermatogenesis, oogenesis, secondary oocyte, polar body

Meiosis Is Important (p. 179)

9. Describe the manner in which sexual reproduction brings about variation and

contributes to the evolutionary process.

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