Chapter 30 Outline

Kingdom Animalia: Deuterostomes

Echinoderm and chordate, including vertebrate, diversity is discussed with reference to the evolution of chordate characteristics, the vertebrate body plan, jaws, limbs, the amniote eggs, wings and feathers, and homeothermy.

Chapter Outline

In this chapter outline, the learning objectives and the selected key terms are given for each major head in the chapter

Radial Symmetry, Again? (p. 504)

1. Name several echinoderms and describe the characteristics they have in

common.

2. Describe the anatomy and the way of life of the sea star.

Selected Key Terms: deuterostome, echinoderm, water vascular system

Chordate Characteristics Evolve (p. 506)

3. List the three chordate characteristics, and note which animals are the

invertebrate chordates.

4. Show that the hemichordates may be related to the echinoderms and to the

chordates.

chordate, notochord, hemichordate, tunicate, lancelet

Vertebrate Body Plan Evolves (p. 509)

5. List and describe the characteristics of vertebrates.

6. Describe the supposed appearance of the first vertebrate and describe the jawless fishes of today.

vertebrate, fish, agnathan

Jaws Evolve (p. 510)

7. List at least three ways in which the cartilaginous fishes differ from the major

group of bony fishes.

8. Account for the success of bony fishes today.

gnathostomate, jaw, cartilaginous fish, bony fish, ray-finned fish, lobe-finned fish

Limbs Evolve (p. 512)

9. Tell how amphibians may have evolved from bony fishes.

10. Give examples of modern-day amphibians and discuss their adaptations to life

on land.

tetrapod, amphibian, ectothermic, cloaca

Amniote Egg Evolves (p. 514)

11. Describe the amniote egg and its importance in the evolution of

vertebrates.

12. Give examples of modern-day reptiles and describe other ways in which they

are adapted to life on land.

13. Trace the evolution of birds and mammals from reptiles.

amniote egg, reptile

Wings and Feathers Evolve (p. 519)

14. Give examples of modern-day birds, and tell how birds are adapted for

flight.

bird, endothermic

Homeothermy Pays Off (p. 519)

15. Give the two main characteristics of mammals, and contrast the way in which

the three types of modern-day mammals reproduce.

16. Name and describe several types of modern-day mammals to show that they

are adapted to land, water, or aerial existence.

mammal, homeothermic, monotreme, marsupial, placental mammal

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