In this chapter outline, the learning objectives
and the selected key terms are given for each major head in the
chapter.
1. Explain the composition of plants, and note why they need a vascular system.
How Water Moves Through a Plant (p. 553)
2. Explain the concept of water potential in relation to the development of
turgor pressure within a plant cell.
3. Trace two pathways of water from the soil to the vascular cylinder of a dicot root.
4. Explain why root pressure cannot account for movement of water in xylem.
5. Relate water availability to soil type, and contrast field capacity with
permanent wilting point.
6. Explain the mechanism of water transport according to the cohesion-tension model.
7. Explain the mechanism by which stomates open and close.
Selected Key Terms: water potential, root pressure, guttation, cohesion-tension model, transpiration, guard cell
Plants Require Inorganic Nutrients (p. 558)
8. Distinguish between essential and beneficial inorganic nutrients needed by a
plant, and describe how mineral requirements are determined.
9. Explain how acid deposition affects availability of minerals to a plant.
10. Describe the mechanism by which mineral ions cross plasma membranes.
11. Describe some adaptations of roots for nutrient uptake.
hydroponics, nodule, mycorrhiza, epiphyte
How Organic Nutrients Are Transported (p. 562)
12. Explain how phloem is suited to the transport of organic nutrients in a plant.
13. Explain the mechanism of phloem transport according to the pressure-flow model.
girdling, pressure-flow model
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