Chapter 3 Outline

Basic Chemistry

All matter is composed of atoms that interact to form molecules and compounds in which ionic or covalent bonding occur. The chemical properties of water as well as acids and bases are also covered in this chapter.

Chapter Outline

In this chapter outline, the learning objectives and the selected key terms are given for each major head in the chapter.

Matter Is Composed of Elements (p. 24)

1. Explain the difference between an element and an atom.

2. Name and describe the subatomic particles of an atom, indicating which one

accounts for the occurrence of isotopes.

3. Describe and discuss the energy levels (electron shells) of an atom, including the

orbitals of the first two levels.

4. Draw a simplified atomic structure of any atom with an atomic number less than 20.

Selected Key Terms: matter, element, atom, proton, neutron, electron, isotope,

energy

Atoms Form Compounds and Molecules (p. 30)

5. Draw representative atomic structures for ionic and covalent molecules, and

distinguish between the ionic and covalent reactions.

6. Note which atom has been reduced and which has been oxidized in a particular

reaction.

compound, molecule, ion, ionic bond, covalent bond, polar covalent bond, hydrogen

bond, oxidation, reduction

Water Is Essential to Life (p. 34)

7. Describe the chemical properties of water, and explain how these properties affect

living things.

Water and Acids and Bases (p. 36)

8. Define an acid and a base; describe the pH scale, and state the significance of

buffers.

hydrophilic, hydrophobic, acid, base, pH scale, buffer

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