Chapter 44 Outline

Endocrine System

How hormones function on the cellular level precedes a discussion of the human endocrine system. Environmental signals in general are also included in this chapter.

Chapter Outline

In this chapter outline, the learning objectives and the selected key terms are given for each major head in the chapter.

1. Discuss the relationship between the endocrine system and the nervous system;

give examples to show that there are regions of overlap between their functions.

Selected Key Terms: endocrine system, hormone

Hormones Affect Cellular Metabolism (p. 768)

2. Chemically distinguish between the two major types of vertebrate hormones,

and explain how each type brings about its effect on the cell.

cyclic AMP

Human Endocrine System (p. 771)

3. Describe the location of each of the major endocrine glands of the human body.

4. List the most important hormones produced by each endocrine gland, and

describe their most important effects.

5. Explain the concept of control by negative feedback, and give several specific

examples among hormones.

6. Contrast the ways in which the hypothalamus controls the posterior and anterior

pituitary.

pituitary gland, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin, growth hormone (GH),

prolactin (PRL), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), thyroid-stimulating

hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), gonadotropic hormone,

thyroid gland, thyroxin, goiter, parathyroid gland, parathyroid hormone (PTH),

adrenal gland, aldosterone, pancreas, pancreatic islets, insulin, glucagon,

diabetes mellitus, anabolic steroid, pineal gland, circadian rhythm,

prostaglandin (PG)

Environmental Signals in Three Categories (p. 781)

7. Discuss environmental signals in general and three types of environmental signals

in particular; discuss why the term hormone could be broadened to

include all these categories.

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