Chapter 45 Outline

Reproduction in Animals

Asexual and sexual reproduction in animals; anatomy and function of the human male reproductive organs; anatomy and function of the human female reproductive organs; means of birth control; and sexually transmitted diseases are topics covered in this chapter.

Chapter Outline

In this chapter outline, the learning objectives and the selected key terms are given for each major head in the chapter.

How Animals Reproduce (p. 786)

1. Contrast asexual reproduction with sexual reproduction, and relate their

advantages to environmental conditions.

2. Contrast primary and accessory organs of reproduction; discuss various means

by which animals protect the zygote and the developing embryo.

Selected Key Terms: asexual reproduction, parthenogenesis, sexual reproduction,

gonad, testis, ovary, copulation, penis, yolk, larva, metamorphosis, extraembryonic

membrane, placenta

Males Have Testes (p. 790)

3. Name and give a function for the organs of the human male reproductive

system; trace the path of sperm from the testes to the penis.

4. Describe the microscopic anatomy of the testes, including the stages of

spermatogenesis; relate the action of the hormones FSH and LH (ICSH) to the

functions of the testes.

5. Describe hormonal control in the male, mentioning the hypothalamus, the

anterior pituitary, and testosterone; list several actions of testosterone.

vas deferens, semen, ejaculation, refractory period, orgasm, sperm,

testosterone

Females Have Ovaries (p. 794)

6. Name and give a function for the organs of the human female reproductive

system.

7. Describe the microscopic anatomy of the ovary, including a description of the

ovarian cycle.

8. Describe the uterine cycle; explain the relationship among the hormones GnRH,

FSH, LH, and the female sex hormones; give several functions of estrogen and

progesterone.

9. Explain the cessation of the ovarian and uterine cycles in the pregnant

female.

oviduct, uterus, endometrium, vagina, estrogen, progesterone, follicle, ovulation,

corpus luteum, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), uterine

cycle, menstruation

Humans Vary in Fertility (p. 798)

10. List several means of birth control, and compare their effectiveness.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (p. 798)

11. Describe the cause and symptoms of the following sexually transmitted

diseases: AIDS, genital herpes, genital warts, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis.

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency virus

(HIV)

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