Chapter 46 Outline

Development in Animals

Developmental stage comparisons of representative animals; differentiation and specialization of cells; human embryos and fetuses; development in humans from infancy through old age are topics covered in this chapter.

Chapter Outline

In this chapter outline, the learning objectives and the selected key terms are given for each major head in the chapter.

1. Name and define three processes that occur whenever there is a

developmental change.

Selected Key Terms: growth, differentiation, morphogenesis

Development Has Stages (p. 804)

2. Explain the germ layer theory of development, and give examples.

3. Compare the early developmental stages of the lancelet, the frog, and the

chick.

4. Draw and label a cross section of a typical vertebrate embryo at the neurula

stage of development.

fertilization, cleavage, morula, blastocoel, blastula, gastrula, ectoderm,

endoderm, mesoderm, germ layer, notochord

Cells Become Specialized and Embryos Take Shape (p. 808)

5. Give evidence that differentiation probably begins soon after formation of the

zygote.

6. Explain how morphogenesis can be accounted for by interactions between

tissues.

induction

Humans Are Embryos and Then Fetuses (p. 811)

7. List the extraembryonic membranes, and give their function in chicks and in

humans.

8. State the stages of embryonic development in humans, and compare them to

those in the chick; outline fetal development in humans.

extraembryonic membrane, chorion, amnion, allantois, yolk sac, trophoblast,

human chorionic gonadotropic hormone (HCG), umbilical cord, placenta, chorionic

villus, lanugo, vernix caseosa

Development Continues (p. 817)

9. Briefly outline the developmental changes in humans from infancy through

old age.

puberty, aging, gerontology

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