Chapter 5 Outline

Cell Structure and Function

The structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are both covered in this chapter.

Chapter Outline

In this chapter outline, the learning objectives and the selected key terms are given for each major head in the chapter.

Cells Make Up Living Things (p. 62)

1. State two tenets of the cell theory.

2. Give several differences between bright-field light microscopy and transmission

electron microscopy. Name several other types of microscopes that are available today.

3. Explain, on the basis of cell-volume-to-cell-surface relationships, why cells are so

very small.

Selected Key Terms: cell, cell theory

Prokaryotic Cells Are Less Complex (p. 66)

4. Describe the structure of a prokaryotic cell, and give a function for each part

mentioned.

bacteria, prokaryotic cell, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cytosol, nucleoid

Eukaryotic Cells Are More Complex (p. 67)

5. Describe the structure of the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, and give a function for

each part mentioned.

6. Name the structures that form the endomembrane system, and explain how they are

related to one another.

7. Explain the relationship between chloroplasts and mitochondria, and describe

the structure and function of each.

8. Name the components of the cytoskeleton, and describe the structure and the

functions of each component.

9. Contrast the structures of prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic animal cells, and eukaryotic

plant cells.

eukaryotic cell, organelle, cell wall, nucleus, chromatin, chromosome, nucleolus,

nuclear envelope, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome,

microbody, vacuole, chloroplast, mitochondrion, thylakoid, granum, stroma, crista,

matrix, cytoskeleton, microtubule, centrosome, centriole, cilium, flagellum

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