Preface

Human Biology is suitable for use in one-semester biology courses that emphasize human physiology and the role that humans play in the biosphere. All students should leave college with a firm grasp of how their bodies normally function and how the human population can become more fully integrated into the biosphere. This knowledge can be applied daily and helps assure our continued survival as individuals and as a species. The application of biological principles to practical human concerns is now widely accepted as a suitable approach to the study of biology because it fulfills a great need. Human beings are frequently called upon to make decisions about their bodies and their environment. Wise decisions require adequate knowledge.

In this edition, as in previous editions, each chapter presents the topic clearly, simply, and distinctly so that students will feel capable of achieving an adult level of understanding. Detailed, high-level scientific data and terminology are not included because I believe that true knowledge consists of working concepts rather than technical facility.

This edition has a renewed emphasis on homeostasis. The first chapter in Part 2 is entitled “Introduction to Homeostasis”. The principles of homeostasis are discussed and the contributions of the various systems to homeostasis are outlined before a feature of the text called a Working Together box is introduced. Working Together boxes throughout the text describe how each organ system works with other systems to achieve homeostasis. In each chapter, an icon calls attention to those portions of the text which discuss homeostasis. Applying Your Knowledge to the Concepts questions at the end of chapter pertain to the maintenance of homeostasis.

The urinary system chapter and the endocrine system chapter were rewritten to better emphasize the contribution of these systems to homeostasis.

Almost every illustration in the text is new or has been revised to better engage students in the study of human biology. Students are visually motivated, and the new art program has many features they will find helpful. Visual Focus illustrations give a conceptual overview that relates structure to function. Color coordination includes assigning colors to the various classes of organic molecules and to the different human tissues and organs.

As in the previous edition, health and ecology concerns are carried through the book by Health Focus and Ecology Focus readings. The Health Focus readings are designed to help students cope with common health problems. The Ecology Focus readings draw attention to a particular environmental problem.

In this edition, students are asked to apply the concepts to the many and varied perplexing bioethical issues that face us every day. Each chapter ends with a description of a bioethical situation that calls for a value judgement on the part of the reader. Students are challenged to develop a point of view by answering a series of questions that deal with the issue. The myriad of issues considered include genetic disease testing, modern reproductive technologies, human cloning, AIDS vaccine trials, animal rights, responsibility for one’s health, and fetal research.

New to this edition, the free Essential Study Partner CD-ROM, accompanies the text. A CD-ROM icon has been placed throughout each chapter to remind students that this important learning tool can assist them in reviewing the concepts. The Dynamic Human 2.0, which offers a pictorial review of each human system, has been revised to have even more student appeal. The Mader Home Page contains interactive exercises to help students master the objective of each chapter and provides further information on most topics discussed in the text.

As before, Human Biology excels in pedagogical features. Each chapter begins with an integrated chapter outline that lists the chapter’s concepts according to numbered sections of the chapter. This numbering system is continued in the chapter and summary so that instructors can assign just certain portions of the chapter, if they like. The text is paged so that major sections start at the top of the page and illustrations are on the same or facing page to its reference.

The questions at the end of the chapter are of both the essay and objective type. New to this edition, the Testing Your Knowledge of the Concepts questions include multiple choice, fill in the blanks, and true-false questions. The questions called Applying Your Knowledge to the Concepts help stress the homeostasis theme of the text. All the boldfaced terms in the chapter are listed and page referenced. A matching exercise tests student comprehension of the terms.

Almost every chapter in Human Biology has been revised. Every systems chapter now has a major section entitled Homeostasis, which outlines how that system works with other systems to maintain homeostasis. The nervous system chapter describes new findings in the field of memory and learning. The cardiovascular system chapter has a new section which pulls together material on pulse rate, blood pressure, and blood flow. In the lymphatic system chapter, the inflammatory reaction has been rewritten. The respiratory system chapter now includes a greater number of respiratory tract infections and disorders. In the chapter on senses, the mechanism of smelling and tasting has been updated. The AIDS Supplement and the chapter on cancer include the latest information on these disorders.

Educational theory tells us that students are most interested in knowledge of immediate practical application. This text is consistent with and remains true to this approach.

Each chapter begins with a short story that applies chapter material to real-life situations. The readings stress applications and so does the running text material. This edition features expanded treatment of such topics as eating disorders, allergies, pulmonary disorders, hepatitis infections, modern reproductive technologies, the human genome project, and gene therapy. Some topics such as the cloning of animals, xenotransplantation, and gene therapy to treat cancer are new.

The personnel at WCB/McGraw-Hill have always lent their talents to the success of Human Biology. My publisher Michael Lange was always there to offer advice and my editor Patrick Reidy stepped in when needed to encourage us all. Suzanne Guinn, my developmental editor, served as a liaison between me and everyone else on the book team. Suzanne had many creative suggestions and was an inspiration to us all despite the long hours she labored.

Those in production also worked diligently toward the success of this edition. Marilyn Sulzer was the project manager, Jodi Banowetz, the visuals coordinator, and Lori Hancock was the photo research coordinator. And I especially want to thank Wayne Harms for the beautiful book he designed for all of us to enjoy. Everyone remained cheerful and helpful while going beyond the call of duty.

In my office Evelyn Jo Hebert has consistently provided support through several editions of the text, and Norma Costain’s contributions have also made the success of Human Biology, sixth edition, possible. Kathleen Hagelston has been a wonderful resource for creative and expert input on illustrations through the editions of Human Biology.

Many instructors have contributed not only to this edition of Human Biology but also to previous editions. I am extremely thankful to each one, for they have all worked diligently to remain true to our calling to provide a product that will be the most useful to our students.

It is appropriate to acknowledge the help of the following individuals for the sixth edition:

Sister Jane Anne Molinaro

Joanna Borvcinska

Hessel Bouma

Kathleen Lively

Steve Badger

Peter Biesmeyer

Julia Brown

Karen Vanmeter

John Sternick

Surendra Singh

Don Nabor

Ronald Salyx

Anthony Serino

Mary Louise Greeley

Maka Najaragan

Mary Catherine Cox

Cecilia Golnazarian

Dr. Carl Frankel

Jacqueline Shepperson

Oian Frances Moss

Patricia Klofenstein

Caren Shapiro

Deborah Dodson

Susan Karr

Debra Zehner

Lewis Lutton

Jacquelin McLaughlin

Curt Walker

Elizabeth Lawrence

G. Malcolm Amerson

Sebastian Haskel

Soma Sanyal

Thanks also to reviewers of the previous edition:

Donald Jasper

Allan R. Stevens

C. L. Swendson

Don Naber

Tom Denton

Mary King Kananen

Gina Erickson

Diane Merlos

Arlene Marian

Lawton Owen

Donald A. Wheeler

Craig Berezowsky

Elaine Rubenstein

Ronald F. Cooper

Dr. Charles Hummel

Valerie Vander Vleit

David Wolfrom

Al Avenoso

James J. Greene

Grant M. Barkley

Michael Emsley

Felix Baerlocher

Charlene L. Forest

Isaac Elegbe

Pat Selelyo

Joseph V. Martin

Loretta M. Parsons

James R. Phillips

Garry Davies

Fritz Taylor

Lynette Rushton

Alexander Varkey

Donald S. Emmeluth

Penelope ReVelle

Patricia Matthews

Joe Connell

Vaughn Rundquist

Arnold E. S. Gussin

Robert H. Chesney

Robert J. Ratterman

Stephen R. Karr

Hessell Bouma III

Walt Sinnamon

Marirose T. Ethington

Robert S. Greene

Michelle A. Green

Stanton F. Hoegerman

Dana Demmans

Douglas J. Burks

Helen Cadwallader

J. D. Brammer

Rodney Mowbray

Edward W. Carroll

Char A. Beeanson

Barbara Wineinger

Charles Ellison

Lee H. Lee

Robert Olson

Benjamin C. Stark

Debra J. Martin

Ann L. Henninger

Ted Johnson

Florence M. Dusek

Madeline M. Hall

Albert C. Jensen

William E. Dunscombe

Kathleen Lauckner

Penny Bernstein

Darryl L. Daley

Doris M. Shoemaker

Kim R. Finer

Lisa Danko

James A Gessaman

Debra Zehner

Robert H. Tamarin

George A. Hudock

Allan Hunt

Dale Lambert

Caren K. Shapiro

Theresa Hoffman-Till

David E. Dallas

Orrie O. Stenroos

Marcus Young Owl

Kathleen Lauber

Dalia Giedrimiene

M. L. Tiell

Gregory L. Stewart

William P. Ventura

Kathryn Sergeant Brown

Stephen Smith

Carl M. Christenson

Before you begin, spend a little time looking over the next few pages. They provide a quick guide to the learning tools found throughout the text that have been designed to enhance your understanding of biology.

In this edition, the major topics are numbered, and the concepts listed on the chapter’s opening page are grouped according to these topics. This numbering system, which is used in the text material and in the summaries, allows instructors to assign specific portions of the chapter. It also allows students to study the chapter in terms of the concepts presented.

In addition, Human Biology now has a further enhanced art and pedagogical system. Improved page layout, an outstanding art program, revised charts, and rewritten and reorganized chapters ensure that Human Biology will continue to be a winner in the classroom.

Human Biology emphasizes human physiology and the role humans play in the biosphere. Each chapter presents topics clearly, simply, and distinctly using a concepts approach. For example, homeostasis is emphasized throughout the text (shown by an icon) and each systems chapter has its own main section explaining, in depth, how that particular system helps maintain homeostasis.

In addition, full-page illustrations entitled “Working Together” visually summarize and describe how each organ system interacts with other body systems. This is featured in every systems chapter.

The Essential Study Partner CD-ROM is an interactive student study tool referenced in the text and packed with over 100 animations and more than 200 learning activities. From quizzes to interactive diagrams, you will find that there has never been a more exciting way to study biology. A self-quizzing feature allows users to test their knowledge of a topic before moving on to a new module. Additional unit exams provide the opportunity to review an entire subject area. The quizzes and unit exams hyperlink back to tutorial sections so students can easily review coverage.

These summaries help students review the important concepts and topics discussed in the chapter.

These objective questions allow students to test their ability to answer recall-based questions. At least one question requires that students label a diagram or fill in a table. Answers to Testing Your Knowledge of the Concepts appear in the appendix.

Students are challenged to read the bioethical issue, then give a point of view by answering a series of questions that pertain to the issue. Issues include genetic disease testing, human cloning, AIDS vaccine trials, animal rights, responsibility for one’s health, and fetal research.

References to McGraw-Hill technology point students to other sources for more information.

In this section, three or four questions ask students to relate concepts they have learned to matters of practical concern. Answers to these questions appear in the appendix.

These questions, which are page-referenced and organized according to the major sections of the chapter, review important chapter material.

A matching exercise ensures that students understand the chapter’s terms before proceeding to the next chapter.

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