Adams, M. W. W. and R. M. Kelly: "Enzymes from microorganisms in extreme environments," Chemical and Engineering News, 1995, vol. 73, pages 32-42.

Barns, S. M., R. E. Fundyga, M. W. Jeffries, and N. R. Pace: "Remarkable archaeal diversity detected in a Yellowstone National Park hot spring environment," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 1994, vol. 91, pages 1609-1613.

Blöchl, E., R. Rachel, S. Burggraf, D. Hafenbradl, H. W. Jannasch, and K. O. Stetter: "Pyrolobus fumarii, gen. and sp. nov. represents a novel group of archaea, extending the upper temperature for life to 113°C," Extremophiles, 1997, vol. 1, pages 14-21.

Brock, T. D.: Thermophilic Microorganisms and Life at High Temperatures, Springer, New York, 1978, 465 pages.

Harmsen, H. J. M., D. Prieur, and C. Jeanthon: "Distribution of microorganisms in deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimneys investigated by whole-cell hybridization and enrichment culture of thermophilic subpopulations," Applied Environmental Microbiology, 1997, vol. 63, pages 2876-2883.

Horikoshi, K. and W. D. Grant: Extremophiles-Microbial Life in Extreme Environments, Wiley, New York, 1998, 322 pages.

Hugenholtz, P., C. Pitulle, K. L. Hershberger, and N. R. Pace: "Novel division level bacterial diversity in a Yellowstone hot spring," Journal of Bacteriology, 1998, vol. 180, pages 366-373.

Irgens, R. L., J. J. Gosink, and J. T. Staley: "Polaromonas vacuolata gen. nov. sp. nov., a psychrophilic, marine, gas vacuolate bacterium from Antarctica," International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1996, vol. 46, pages 822-826.

Javor, B. J.: Hypersaline Environments-Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Springer-Verlag, Berlin., 1989, 328 pages.

Kamekura, M.: "Diversity of extremely halophilic bacteria," Extremophiles, 1998, vol. 2, pages 289-295.

Kurr, M., R. Huber, H. Konig, H. W. Jannasch, H. Fricke, A. Trincone, J. K. Kristjansson, and K. O. Stetter: "Methanopyrus kandleri, gen. and sp. nov. represents a novel group of hyperthermophilic methanogens, growing at 110°C," Archives of Microbiology, 1991, vol. 156, pages 239-247.

Ladenstein, R., and G. Antranikian: "Proteins from hyperthermophiles: Stability and enzymatic catalysis close to the boiling point of water," Advances in Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 1998, vol. 61, pages 38-85.

Madigan, M. T., B. L. Marrs: "Extremophiles," Scientific American, 1997, vol. 276, pages 82-87.

Madigan M. T., J. M. Martinko, and J. Parker: Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 9th edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2000. In press.

Madigan, M. T., and A. Oren: "Thermophilic and halophilic extremophiles," Current Opinions in Microbiology, 1999. In press.

Oren, A. (ed.): Microbiology and Biogeochemistry of Hypersaline Environments, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1999, 368 pages.

Pereira, S. L., J. N. Reeve: "Histones and nucleosomes in archaea and eukarya: a comparative analysis," Extremophiles, 1998, vol. 2, pages 141-148.

Raven, P. H., R. F. Evert, and S. E. Eichhorn: Biology of Plants, 6th edition, W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, 1999, 944 pages.

Raven, P. H. and G. B. Johnson: Biology, 5th edition, WCB/McGraw-Hill, Dubuque, IA. 1999.

Schleper, C., G. Puhler, I. Holz, A. Gambacorta, D. Janekovic , U. Santarius, H-P Klenk, and W. Zillig: "Picrophilus gen. nov., fam. nov., a novel aerobic heterotrophic, thermoacidophilic genus and family composing archaea capable of growth around pH 0," Journal of Bacteriology, 1995, vol. 177, pages 7050-7059.

Stetter, K. O.: "Hyperthermophilic prokaryotes," Federation of European Microbiological Societies, Microbiology Reviews, 1996, vol. 18, pages 149-158.

Stetter, K. O.: "Volcanoes, hydrothermal venting, and the origin of life," In: Volcanoes and the Environment, Edited by Marti J. and G. J. Ernest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1999. In press.

van de Vossenberg, J. L. C. M., A J. M. Driessen, and W. N. Konings: "The essence of being extremophilic: the role of the unique archeal membrane lipids," Extremophiles, 1998a, vol. 2, pages 163-170.

van de Vossenberg, J. L. C. M., A. J. M. Driessen, W. Zillig, and W. N. Konings: "Bioenergetics and cytoplasmic membrane stability of the extremely acidophilic, thermophilic archaeon, Picrophilus oshimae," Extremophiles, 1998b, vol. 2, pages 67-74.

Ventosa, A., J. J. Nieto, and Oren A.: "Biology of moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria," Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 1998, vol. 62, pages 504-544.

Wiegel, J. and M. W. W. Adams (eds): Thermophiles-The Keys to Molecular Evolution and the Origin of Life?, Taylor and Francis, London, 1998, 346 pages.

Woese, C. R.: "Bacterial evolution," Microbiological Reviews, 1987, vol. 51, pages 221-271.