Chapter 46 Key Terms

• p. 1004: aerobic cell respiration, metabolic water, external respiration, air, barometer, barometric pressure, one atmosphere, partial pressure
  
• p. 1005: Fick's law of diffusion
  
• p. 1006: papulae (singular, papula), surface area-to-volume ratio
  
• p. 1007: gills, neotenic, axolotl, branchial chambers, mantle cavity, opercular cavities, ram ventilation, gill filaments, gill lamellae (singular, lamella), countercurrent flow
  
• p. 1008: operculum (plural, opercula), concurrent
  
• p. 1009: tracheae (singular, trachea), lung, glottis, sinuses
  
• p. 1010: cutaneous respiration, alveoli (singular, alveolus), bronchiole
  
• p. 1011: posterior air sacs, anterior air sacs, cross-current flow, parabronchi (singular, parabronchus)
  
• p. 1012: larynx, bronchi, bronchoconstriction, bronchodilation, asthma, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, visceral pleural membrane, parietal pleural membrane, pleural cavity
  
• p. 1013: inhalation (inspiration), external intercostal muscles, diaphragm
  
• p. 1014: exhalation (expiration), internal intercostal muscles, tidal volume, anatomical dead space, functional residual capacity, residual volume, vital capacity, emphysema, respiratory rate, minute respiratory volume (MRV), hyperventilation, hypoventilation, hyperpnea
  
• p. 1015: hemoglobin, heme group, oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, hemocyanin, hemolymph, percent saturation, oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
  
• p. 1016: carbonic acid, Bohr effect, 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), erythropoietin, carbon monoxide (CO), carbonic anhydrase
  
• p. 1017: respiratory control center, medulla oblongata, reflex, aortic and carotid bodies, peripheral chemoreceptors, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), central chemoreceptors
  
• p. 1018: circulation, circulatory systems, closed circulatory system, open circulatory system
  
• p. 1019: respiratory circuit, pulmonary circulation, metabolic circuit, systemic circulation, poikilotherms, homeotherms
  
• p. 1020: heart, cardiovascular system, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, endothelium
  
• p. 1021: vasoconstriction, vasodilation, precapillary sphincters, through-flow channels, capillary beds
  
• p. 1023: venous valves, varicose veins, lymphatic system
  
• p. 1024: lymph, edema, lymph hearts
  
• p. 1025: germinal centers, lymphocytes
  
• p. 1026: blood plasma, albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, serum, kwashiorkor, erythrocytes, hematocrit, erythropoiesis, leukocytes, granular leukocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, nongranular leukocytes, monocytes, inflammatory response
  
• p. 1027: megakaryocytes, platelets, fibrin, blood clot, clotting factors, prothrombin, thrombin, peristaltic pumps
  
• p. 1029: sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, conus arteriosus, pulmonary veins
  
• p. 1030: right atrium, left atrium, septum, double circulatory system, pacemaker, sinoatrial node (SA node)
  
• p. 1031: cardiac cycle, ventricular diastole, ventricular systole, bicuspid (mitral) valve, aorta, aortic semi-lunar valve, coronary arteries, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, tricuspid valve, pulmonary semi-lunar valve, depolarization
  
• p. 1032: atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His), Purkinje fibers
  
• p. 1033: heart murmur, diastolic pressure, systolic pressure, electrocardiogram
  
• p. 1034: heart attacks, angina pectoris, strokes, thrombus, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis
  
• p. 1035: cardiac output, stroke volume, autoregulation, baroreceptors, cardiovascular control center, baroreceptor reflex, orthostatic hypotension hemorrhage
  
• p. 1036: antidiuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone, renin, angiotension I and II
  
• p. 1037: hypertension, high-renin hypertension, essential hypertension
  
• p. 1038: atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)