Chapter 47 Key Terms

• p. 1045: neurons, nervous systems, cell body, dendrites, axon, neuroglia
  
• p. 1046: Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier, nerves, potential difference (voltage), membrane potential, resting membrane potential, ions, electrolyte solution
  
• p. 1047: cations, anions
  
• p. 1048: ion channels, equilibrium potential
  
• p. 1049: depolarization, hyperpolarization, gates, voltage-gated ion channels, action potential, threshold
  
• p. 1050: oscilloscope, repolarization, all-or-none law, refractory period, decrement, saltatory conduction
  
• p. 1051: synapses, presynaptic cell, postsynaptic cell, synaptic cleft, synaptic vesicles, neurotransmitters
  
• p. 1052: receptor proteins, chemically gated ion channels
  
• p. 1053: neuromuscular junctions, acetylcholine (ACH), excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
  
• p. 1054: norepinephrine, monamine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), neuromodulators, neuropeptides, vasopressin, somatostatin, oxytocin, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins, analgesic, endogenous opiates, excitatory synapse, acetylcholinesterase, tabun, sarin, parathion
  
• p. 1055: glomeruli
  
• p. 1056: inhibitory synapses, inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP), synaptic integration
• p. 1057: brain, spinal cord, white matter, ascending tracts, descending tracts, somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, ganglia
  
• p. 1058: hindbrain (rhombencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon), forebrain (prosencephalon), pons, medulla oblongata, afferent, efferent, cerebellum
  
• p. 1060: diencephalon, thalamus, hypothalamus, telecephalon, cerebrum, pyramidal tracts, cerebral hemispheres, corpus callosum, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, contralateral
  
• p. 1062: cerebral cortex, primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, auditory cortex, visual cortex, association cortex, basal ganglia
  
• p. 1063: computed tomography (CT scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET scans)
  
• p. 1064: hippocampus, amygdala, limbic system, reticular formation, reticular activating system, electroencephalogram (EEG), alpha waves, slow-wave sleep, REM sleep, Wernicke's area, Broca's area
  
• p. 1065: short-term memory, long-term memory, long-term potentiation (LTP)
  
• p. 1066: monosynaptic reflex, dorsal root ganglia
  
• p. 1068: viscera, parasympathetic division, sympathetic division
  
• p. 1069: preganglionic neurons, postganglionic neurons, norepinephrine (noradrenalin), adrenal medulla, epinephrine (adrenalin), fight-or-flight reaction