| HIGHLIGHTS | Key Terms | Key Concepts |
| 20.1 The Circulatory System | cardiovascular system--p.434 | Blood is pumped out from the heart through arteries and returns through veins. |
| arteries--p.434 | Materials pass in and out of the blood as it passes through a network of tiny tubes called capillaries, which connects arterial to venous circulation. | |
| capillaries--p.434 | Fluid that passes out of the capillaries is recovered by the lymphatic system. | |
| veins--p.434 | ||
| lymphatic system--p.437 | ||
| 20.2 Blood | plasma--p.438 | Blood is composed of a fluid called plasma, white blood cells of the immune system, and red blood cells that carry oxygen. |
| erythrocytes--p.439 | Dissolved in plasma are many kinds of molecules, including a considerable amount of serum albumin protein, which osmotically balances the blood. | |
| leukocytes--p.439 | ||
| platelets--p.439 | ||
| 20.3 The Heart and How It Works | atrium--p.440 | The heart is a double pump. |
| pulmonary veins--p.440 | The right side pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and then returns it via pulmonary veins to the left side. | |
| ventricle--p.440 | The left side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body and then returns it to the right side. | |
| sinoatrial (SA) node--p.441 | The contraction of the heart starts in the upper wall of the right atrium and spreads as a wave across the heart. | |
| diastolic--p.442 | ||
| systolic--p.442 | ||
| atherosclerosis--p.442 | ||
| 20.4 The Respiratory System | bronchus--p.443 | Respiration is the uptake of oxygen gas from air and the simultaneous release of carbon dioxide. |
| trachea--p.443 | Expansion of the chest cavity draws air into the lungs; relaxation forces it back out. | |
| alveoli--p.444 | CO2 is transported largely as bicarbonate ion. | |
| diaphragm--p.444 | ||
| Bohr effect--p.446 | ||
| bicarbonate ions--p.446 | ||
| 20.5 Lung Cancer and Smoking | metastases--p.448 | Cancer is unrestrained cell proliferation caused by damage to growth-regulating genes. |
| carcinogens--p.448 | Cigarette smoking is the principal cause of lung cancer. | |
| lung cancer--p.449 | Smoking produces lung cancer by introducing carcinogens into the lungs. |