Cunningham-Saigo/Environmental Science - Additional References not in Text

Chapter 1

Adams, William M. 1990. Green Development: Environment and Sustainability in the Third World. London: Routledge. A seminal work on poverty, environment, and sustainable development.
Bramwell, Anna. 1989. Ecology in the 20th Century: A History. New Haven: Yale University Press. A history of the environmental movement and the origins of green politics over the past century.
Brower, David. 1990, For Earth's Sake: The Life and Times of David Brower. Salt Lake City: Gibbs-Smith Publishers. The autobiography of America's leading conservationist of the 20th century.
Dasgupta, Partha. 1993. An Inquiry into Well-Being and Destitution. Oxford: Clarendon Press. How did we become so sharply divided into haves and have-nots?
Ehrenfeld, David. 1993. Beginning Again: People and Nature in the New Millennium. New York: Oxford University Press. An urgent call for a new environmental ethic.
Glacken, Clarence J. 1967. Traces on the Rhodian Shore. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. A masterful survey of the history of western attitudes towards nature.
Goldsmith, Edward, et al. 1992. "Whose Common Future?" The Ecologist 22(4):122-210. A critique of the Brundtland Commission's report (see below) as a gloss over real environmental and social problems.
International Union for the Conservation of Nature. 1995. Strategies for National Sustainable Development: A Handbook on Their Preparation and Implementation. New York: EarthScan. Demonstrates how nations in both the developed and developing world can plan for sustainable development.
Lewis, Martin W. 1992. Green Delusions. Durham: University of North Carolina Press. A Promethean critique of radical environmentalism that is sometimes unnecessarily pugnacious and derogatory but nonetheless interesting.
Lele, Sharachchandra. 1991. "Sustainable Development: A Critical Review," World Development 19(6):607-621. Is sustainable development merely an excuse for business as usual?
Mann, Charles C. 1993. "How Many Is Too Many?" Atlantic Monthly (February):47-67. An optimistic look at the future of population growth and the resilience of nature.
Schuman, Michael. 1994. Towards a Global Village: International Community Development Initiatives. New York: Pluto Press. Accounts from twenty-one countries of community development projects.
Suzuki, David, and Peter Knudtson, eds. 1992. Wisdom of the Elders: Sacred Native Stories of Nature. New York: New Science (Bantam) Press. An anthology of stories of indigenous attitudes toward nature.
World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The Brundtland Commission's report on sustainable development.
Worster, Donald. 1993. The Wealth of Nature: Environmental History and the Ecological Imagination. Oxford: Oxford University Press. An eloquent study of nature, humanity, values, and environmental history.
Woodwell, George M., ed. 1990. The Earth in Transition: Patterns and Processes of Biotic Impoverishment. New York: Cambridge University Press. A discouraging survey of human impacts on the earth.
Yarnal, Brent. (December) 1995. "Bulgaria at a Crossroads: Environmental Impacts of Socioeconomic Change," Environment 37(10):6-16. Bulgaria's struggle to clean up its environment in the face of economic constraints and rapid political change.

Chapter 2

Berry, Wendell. 1977. The Unsettling of America. New York: Avon Books. A poetic and passionate critique of what agricultural mechanization is doing to rural culture and the land.
Bullard, Robert D., ed. 1993. Confronting Environmental Racism. Boston: South End Press. An excellent collection of essays on environmental justice.
Bullard, Robert D. (May) 1994. "Overcoming Racism in Environmental Decision Making," Environment 36(4):10-20. Documents a disproportionate number of landfills, toxic waste dumps, and noxious industries in communities of color.
Compolo, Tony. 1992. How to Rescue the Earth Without Worshiping Nature: A Christian's Call to Save Creation. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers. An interesting perspective on nature and religion.
Deval, Bill. 1988. Simple in Means, Rich in Ends: Practicing Deep Ecology. A guide for living in harmony with our environment.
Dubos, Rene. 1968. So Human an Animal. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Pulitzer Prize-winning reflections by a genial humanist about what it means to be human.
Evernden, Neil. 1992. The Social Creation of Nature. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Argues that "nature" is as much a social entity as a physical one.
Hofrichter, Richard, ed. 1993. Toxic Struggles: The Theory and Practice of Environmental Justice. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers. Articles by leading theorists and activists on environmental justice.
Kothari, Smithu, and P. Prajuli. 1993. "No Nature Without Social Justice: A Plea for Cultural and Ecological Pluralism in India," in W. Sachs, ed. Global Ecology: A New Arena of Political Conflict. London: Zed Books, 237-252. Until basic survival needs are met, people will never support nature protection.
Kropotkin, Peter. Fields, Factories and Workshops Tomorrow. First published by Houghton, Mifflin in 1899. Reprinted in 1985 by Freedom Press, London. A compelling case for communitarian utopianism that influenced Tolstoy, Gandhi, and Mumford.
Merchant, Carolyn. 1989. Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, and Science in New England. An exploration of the ecological transformation that took place in New England as European settlers took control of the land and what that reveals about the environmental values of native and Western cultures.
Nash, Roderick F. 1989. The Rights of Nature: A History of Environmental Ethics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. A good summary of ideology and philosophy of environmentalism.
Passmore, John. 1974. Responsibility for Nature. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. A rare humanist perspective on man's environmental ethics.
Plant, Judith, ed. 1989. Healing the Wounds: The Promise of Ecofeminism. Santa Cruz, CA: New Society Publishers. See articles by Ynestra King, Ursula K. LeGuin, Vandang Shiva, Starhawk, Charlene Spretnak, Rosemary Ruether, Joanna Macy, and others.
Reed, Peter, and David Rothenberg. 1993. Wisdom in the Open Air. The life and work of noted Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess.
Rockefeller, Steven C., and John C. Elder. 1992. Spirit and Nature: Why the Environment Is a Religious Issue-An Interfaith Dialogue. Boston: Beacon Press. Leaders from many different religious traditions discuss our responsibilities to nature. Included are: Iriquois elder Audrey Shenandoah, Jewish theologian Ismar Schorsch, Islamic scholar Seyyed Hossein, and His Holiness, the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet, among others.
Rothenberg, David. 1993. Is It Painful To Think? Conversations with Arne Naess. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. A series of conversations with the eminent Norwegian philosopher who coined the term "deep ecology."
Sauer, Peter, ed. 1992. Finding Home: Writing on Nature and Culture from Orion Magazine. Articles by writers such as David Ehrenfeld, Barry Lopez, Gary Nabham, Terry Tempest Williams, Ann Zwinger, and others explore meaning and nature.
Schumacher, E. F. 1973. Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered. London: Blond and Briggs. An eloquent, groundbreaking introduction of Buddhist economics and appropriate technology.
Taylor, Paul W. 1986. Respect for Nature. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. A highly readable environmental ethics text.
Tuan, Yi Fu. 1974. Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes, and Values. New York: Prentice Hall. A literate comparison of different cultures in time and place and their attitudes toward self and nature.
Warren, Karen J., ed. 1991. Ecological Feminism. A special issue of the feminist journal Hypatia, volume 6(1). See articles by Karen Warren, Val Plumwood, and Deborah Slicer.
Wenz, P. S. 1988. Environmental Justice. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. An important exploration of the philosophical bases for environmental justice.

Chapter 3

Beeby, Allen. 1994. Applying Ecology. London: Chapman and Hall. Shows how ecological principles can be applied to real-life situations.
Chapin, F. S., et al. 1992. "Biodiversity and Ecosystem Process," Trends in Ecological Evolution 7:107-108. A major review of the role of biodiversity in maintaining ecosystems.
Odum, George E. 1993. Ecology and Our Endangered Life Support Systems. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. A general ecology text with an emphasis on ecosystem functions.

Chapter 4

Caughley, Graeme, and Anthony R. E. Sinclair. 1994. Wildlife Ecology and Management. London: Blackwell Scientific. A graduate-level textbook on community ecology and wildlife management.
Constanza, R., B. G. Norton, and B. D. Haskell. 1992. Ecosystem Health: New Goals for Environmental Management. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A multidisciplinary perspective on ecosystem management based on an operational definition of healthy functions.
Davis, Margaret B. 1976. "Pleistocene Bioge ography of Temperate Deciduous Forests," Geoscience and Man 13:13-26. A fascinating historical account of the migration of forests after the last glacial period.
Elton, C. 1927. Animal Ecology. New York: Macmillan. A pioneering analysis of community ecology.
Gleick, J. 1988. Chaos: Making a New Science. London: Heinemann. A landmark description of chaotic behavior in many different systems.
Gould, S. J. 1988. "Kropotkin Was No Crackpot," Natural History 97, no. 7:12-21. A stirring defense of mutual aid from one of our best contemporary evolutionary essayists.
Holldobler, B., and E. O. Wilson. 1990. The Ants. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. A Pulitzer Prize-winning monograph on the evolution, ecology, and social biology of the most diverse of all social species.
Huston, M. (10 December) 1993. "Biological Diversity, Soils, and Economics." Science 262, no. 5140:1676. Discusses the ecological processes that lead to generally negative relation between plant diversity and potential agricultural productivity.
Kadmon, R., and H. R. Pulliam. (June) 1993. "Island Biogeography," Ecology 74, no. 1:977. A reexamination of the famous MacArthur/Wilson theory of colonization and extinction rates on islands and other biogeographically isolated areas.
Waldrop, M. Mitchell. 1992. Complexity. New York: Simon and Schuster. Discusses the ways that complex systems work in biology, society, and physics.

Chapter 5

Forman, Richard T. Land Mosaics, the Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. A landscape ecology approach to management.
Knight, Robert L. 1996. Treatment Wetlands. Covelo, CA: Island Press. Planning, design, construction, and management of artificial wetlands for water treatment.
Luke, Timothy W. 1995. "Reproducing Planet Earth? The Hubris of Biosphere 2," The Ecologist 25(4):157-164. A critique of a controversial attempt to recreate an artificial ecosystem.
Norris, Robert D., et al. 1994. Handbook of Bioremediation. Covelo, CA: Island Press. Everything you might want to know about soil or water remediation.
Zwinger, Ann. 1996. "What Good Is a Desert?" Audubon 98(2):40-53. An eloquent description of desert biomes by one of America's best nature writers.

Chapter 6

Andrewartha, H. G., and L. C. Birch. 1984. The Ecological Web. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. An excellent overview of population dynamics and regulation.
Begon, M., and M. Mortimer. 1981. Population Ecology: A Unified Study of Animals and Plants. London: Blackwell Scientific Publications. A clear, well-illustrated basic text.
Boucher, D. H., ed. 1985. The Biology of Mutualism. New York: Oxford University Press. An anthology of articles about mutualism between species.
Gilpin, M. E., and M. E. Soule. 1986. "Minimum Viable Populations: Processes of Species Extinction," in M. E. Soule, ed. Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. An important historical contribution to our understanding of population dynamics and the prospects for endangered species.
Pulliam, H. R. 1988. "Sources, Sinks, and Population Regulation," American Naturalist 132:757-785. An important contribution to the understanding of sources and sinks to the dynamics of small, isolated populations.
Shaffer, M. L. 1981. "Minimum Population Sizes for Species Conservation," BioScience 31:131-134. One of the first papers to discuss minimum population size necessary to maintain viability.

Chapter 7

Berreby, D. (April) 1990. "The Numbers Game." Discover 11, no. 4:42. An interesting comparison of the views of Paul Ehrlich and Julian Simon.
Bratton, S. P. 1992. Six Billion and More: Human Population and Christian Ethics. Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox Press. A Christian perspective on distributive justice as a way to curb population growth.
Cole, H., et al. 1973. Models of Doom: A Critique of the Limits to Growth. New York: Universe Books. A valuable criticism of the Malthusian assumptions of many population computer models.
Engels, Frederick. 1953 (reprint) "The Myth of Overpopulation," in Ronald L. Meek, ed. Marx and Engels on Malthus. London: Lawrence and Wishart. A Marxian view of population.
Erlich, P. R., et al. (March) 1993. "Food Security, Population, and Environment." Population and Development Review 19, no. 1:32. A pessimistic evaluation of our survival chances by the authors of The Population Bomb (1968) and The Population Explosion (1990).
Giampietro, M., et al. (November) 1992. "Limits to Population Size: Three Scenarios of Energy Interaction Between Human Society and Ecosystem." Population and Environment 14, no. 2:109. What are the upper limits of sustainable human population? Models based on different energy scenarios give very different answers.
Wattenberg, Ben. The Birth Dearth. New York: Paragon House. Claims that more people are necessary to provide soldiers, workers, and consumers for industrial products.

Chapter 8

Brandt Commission. 1983. Common Crisis: North-South Cooperation for World Recovery. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. A plan for reducing Third World poverty and disparities between rich and poor nations.
Carlin, A., et al. (March) 1992. "Environmental Investments: The Cost of Cleaning Up." Environment 34, no. 2:12. The United States pays hundreds of billions of dollars each year to clean up pollution. This summary of an EPA study compares different kinds of pollution control costs.
Costanza, R., ed. 1991. Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press. An excellent compendium of articles in the new field of ecological economics.
Daly, H. E., and K. N. Townsend, eds. 1993. Valuing the Earth: Economics, Ecology, Ethics. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Essays on steady-state economics and ethics by a variety of experts.
Erenfeld, David. 1988. "Why Put a Value on Biodiversity?" in Wilson, E. O., ed. Biodiversity 212-216. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. An ecologist rejects the basic premise of resource economics.
French, H. F. (March) 1993. Costly Trade Offs: Reconciling Trade and the Environment. Worldwatch Paper #113. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute. An examination of conflicts between economics and environmental protection.
Georgescu-Roengen, N. 1977. "The Steady-state and Ecological Salvation: A Thermodynamic Analysis," BioScience 27, no. 4:266. An insightful analysis on the ultimate limits to growth and the necessity for steady-state systems.
Gilman, R. (Summer) 1990. "Economics, Ecology, and Us," In Context 26:10. Lead article in a special issue devoted to asking "What is enough?" in the context of humane sustainable culture.
Larson, E. D., M. H. Ross, and R. H. Williams. (June) 1986. "Beyond the Era of Materials," Scientific American 254, no. 6:34. Economic growth in industrial nations is no longer accompanied by increased consumption of basic materials.
Leonard, H. J., et al. 1989. Environment and the Poor: Development Strategies for a Common Agenda. Special report 11 of the Overseas Development Council on U.S.-Third World Policy Perspectives. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books. A powerful argument that development strategies must take on the twin challenges of environment and poverty together to be successful.
Meadows, D. H., et al. 1992. Beyond the Limits. Post Mills, VT: Chelsea Green. An encouraging addition to computer projections of world resources that suggests we can achieve sustainability if we act soon.
Mill, J. S. 1857. Principles of Political Economy. Vol. 2. London: J. W. Parker & Son. Contrary to most economists of his time, Mill questioned the need for, and wisdom of, continual growth.
Neher, P. 1990. Natural Resource Economics: Conservation and Exploitation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. A detailed mathematical presentation of economics with a social conscience.
Pearce, D. W., and R. K. Turner. 1990. Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. A good overview of basic economic theory and its application to natural resources and the environment.
Plant, C., and J. Plant, eds. 1991. Green Business: Hope or Hoax? Santa Cruz, Calif.: New Society Publishers. A well-researched critique of "shallow-green" consumerism and businesses that claim their products are environmentally friendly when they are really not. Includes many useful suggestions for authentic conversion of our economy.
Renner, M. 1992. Jobs in a Sustainable Economy. Worldwatch Paper #104. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute. Converting to a sustainable economy will create jobs rather than eliminate them.
Schumacher, E. F. 1973. Small Is Beautiful: Economics As If People Mattered. New York: Harper & Row. A highly readable and insightful discussion on Buddhist economics and good work from the father of appropriate technology.
Shrybman, S. 1990. "International Trade and the Environment," Ecologist 20, no. 1:30. A useful and timely environmental assessment of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
Speth, J. G. 1990. "Coming to Terms: Toward a North-South Compact for the Environment," Environment 32, no. 5:16. Meeting the challenge of global environmental problems will require unprecedented cooperation and understanding between nations.
Trainer, F. E. 1990. "Environmental Significance of Development Theory," Ecological Economics 2, no. 4:124. A cogent review of the effects of development on the environment.
Wachtel, P. 1992. The Poverty of Affluence: A Psychological Portrait of the American Way of Life. Santa Cruz, CA: New Society Publishers. Examines the reasons for and consequences of our seemingly insatiable desire for growth. Asks, how much is enough?

Chapter 9

Ahearne, J. F. (March) 1993. "Integrating Risk Analysis Into Public Policymaking," Environment 35, no. 2:16. A good discussion of how risk analysis can be better integrated into public policy.
Ames, B., R. Magaw, and L. Gold. (April 17) 1987. "Ranking Possible Carcinogenic Hazards," Science 236, no. 4799:271. Startling new conclusions about natural versus synthetic products.
Beardsley, T. (January) 1994. "A War Not Won," Scientific American 270, no. 1:130. The United States has spent billions of dollars to find the causes and cures for cancer. Some progress has been made but certain cancers have become more common and more deadly. What role do environmental factors play?
Brown, P. (October) 1993. "When The Public Knows Better: Popular Epidemiology Challenges the System," Environment 35, no. 8:16. Although authorities dismiss citizen activists as alarmist and nonscientific, they often uncover patterns ignored or undetected by experts.
Castleman, M. (September/October) 1993. "This Place Makes Me Sick," Sierra 78, no. 5:106. For many people, "sick house syndrome," or hypersensitivity to commonly used chemicals, can make life miserable.
Morgan, M. G. (July) 1993. "Risk Analysis and Management," Scientific American 269, no. 1:32. Policymakers use analytical techniques to evaluate statistical probabilities of environmental hazards.
Nadakavukaren, Anne. 1995. Our Global Environment: A Health Perspective, 4th ed. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Inc. A general environmental science textbook that emphasizes health issues.
Ottoboni, A. (October/November) 1992. "The Dose Makes the Poison." Garbage IV, no. 5:38. A critical look at misconceptions about the dangers of synthetic chemicals. Although in conflict with the views of many environmentalists, this article deserves consideration.
Passivirta, J. 1991. Chemical Ecotoxicology. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers. A slim but useful textbook on ecological effects of toxic pollutants.
Patton, D. E. (January) 1993. "The ABCs of Risk Assessment," Environment 19, no. 1:10. The lead article in a special issue explaining why the EPA wants to change its methods of comparative risk analysis and revoke the Delaney clause.
UNICEF. 1993. State of the World's Children. Oxford: Oxford University Press. An encouraging annual report on the health of the world's children from the United Nations Children's Fund.

Chapter 10

Brown, L. R. 1994. "Facing Food Insecurity," State of the World 1994. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute. A pessimistic appraisal of our chances of feeding future world populations.
Brun, T. A., and M. C. Latham, eds. 1990. World Food Issues. Vol. 2 of Maldevelopment and Malnutrition. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. An outstanding anthology of articles on food policy issues.
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. 1993. 1992 Annual Report. Washington, DC. CGIAR. Reports current progress in the green revolution.
Gasser, C., and F. Fraley. (June) 1992. "Transgenic Crops," Scientific American 266, no. 6:62. Genetic engineering has the potential to make important contributions to world food supplies.
Hildyard, N., et al. (April) 1991. "Declaration of the International Movement for Ecological Agriculture," The Ecologist 21, no. 2:1107. The conclusion of a special issue devoted to a critique of the FAO and modern, high-technology agriculture, with strategies for encouraging traditional indigenous forms of food production.
Hobbelink, H. 1991. Biotechnology and the Future of World Agriculture. London: Zed Books. Despite its promises, biotechnology raises ecological and social concerns that must be considered.
Hodgson, J. January 1992. "Feeding the World," Bio/Technology 10:47. Biotechnology may work to the disadvantage of subsistence farmers in developing countries by lowering prices and making it difficult for marginal producers to compete.
Klinkenborg, V. (January/February) 1993. "Barnyard Biodiversity," Audubon 95, no. 1:78. Traditional domestic breeds around the world are being replaced by a few commercial varieties. The resulting loss of genetic diversity could spell disaster in the future.
Norse, D. (June) 1992. "A New Strategy for Feeding a Crowded Planet," Environment 34, no. 5:6. Discusses the carrying capacity of the earth and the need for new strategies and structures to feed expected world populations.
Sen, A. (May) 1993. "Economics of Life and Death," Scientific American 268, no. 5:40. A compelling case that famines and starvation are caused much more by human institutions than natural disasters.
Shiva, V. (April) 1991. "The Failure of the Green Revolution," The Ecologist 21, no. 2:57. Criticizes the green revolution as ecologically destructive and socially inequitable. Argues that the evidence produced in its favor is little more than myth.
World Bank. 1992. World Development Report 1992: Development and the Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Good statistics on human development.
World Resources Institute. 1994. "Food and Agriculture," World Resources 1994-95. New York: Oxford University Press. An excellent source of data on world food supplies.

Chapter 11

Berry, W. 1981. The Gift of Good Land. San Francisco: North Point Press. A series of essays on a variety of topics ranging from Amish farms to sheep and scythes by one of America's best environmental writers.
Conway, G. R., and J. N. Pretty. 1991. Unwelcome Harvest: Agriculture and Pollution. London: Earthscan Publications, Ltd. Modern intensive agriculture has resulted in widespread pollution. New models are needed.
Fukuoka, M. 1978. One Straw Revolution: An Introduction to Natural Farming. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press. An account of one man's successful experiments in organic gardening.
Gliessman, S. R., ed. 1990. Agroecology: Researching the Ecological Basis for Sustainable Agriculture. New York: Springer Verlag. Describes ecological basis of agriculture, soil conservation, nutrient restoration, and biological pest control.
Goldsmith, E., et al. (November/December) 1993. "GATT and Third World Agriculture," The Ecologist 23, no. 6:219. The general agreement on tariffs and trade, dominated by the industrial nations of the world, works to undermine and destabilize domestic agriculture in developing countries.
Grant, C. A., and G. P. Lafond. (May) 1993. The Effects of Tillage Systems and Crop Sequences on Soil Bulk-Density and Penetration Resistance on a Clay Soil in Southern Saskatchewan," Canadian Journal of Soil Science 73, no. 2:223. An interesting comparison of no-till, minimum-till, and conventional tillage on soil compaction and water content of clay soils.
Hamilton, N. D. (Spring) 1993. "Issues Shaping the Future," William Mitchell Law Review 19, no. 2:265. Raises some interesting questions about the right to farm and duties of stewardship from owning or using farmland.
Harwood, R. R. 1990. "A History of Sustainable Agriculture," in Sustainable Agricultural Systems. Edited by C. A. Edwards, et al. Ankeny, IA: The Soil and Water Conservation Society. A readable survey of sustainable agriculture through history.
Hildyard, N., et al. 1991. "Declaration of the International Movement for Ecological Agriculture," The Ecologist 21, no. 2:1107. A special issue devoted to a critique of the FAO and modern, high-technology agriculture.
Jackson, W., W. Berry, and B. Colman. 1984. Meeting the Expectations of the Land: Essays in Sustainable Agriculture and Stewardship. San Francisco: North Point Press. An eloquent and insightful discussion of sustainable farming.
Postel, S. 1990. "Saving Water for Agriculture," in State of the World 1990. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute. A good discussion of water use in agriculture and its associated problems.
Reagnold, J. P., R. I. Papendick, and J. F. Parr. (June) 1990. "Sustainable Agriculture," Scientific American 262, no. 6:112. Describes environmental and economic rewards of alternative agriculture.
Schneiderman, H. A., and W. D. Carpenter. (April) 1990. "Planetary Patriotism: Sustainable Agriculture for the Future," Environmental Science and Technology 24, no. 4:466. The director of biotechnology for the Monsanto Corp. argues that transgenic plants and animals are essential to feed the world.
Shiva, Vandana. 1991. The Violence of the Green Revolution. London: Zed Books. An angry but persuasive look at Third World agriculture, ecology, and politics.
Soule, J. D., and J. Piper. 1992. Farming in Nature's Image: An Ecological Approach to Agriculture. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A detailed look at the pioneering work on permaculture at Wes Jackson's Land Institute in Kansas.
Stutz, B. (March/April) 1993. "The Landscape of Hunger." Audubon 95, no. 2:54. Protecting the world's food supply means preserving the land that produces it.
Waller, H. (Spring) 1990. "Family Farms, Safe Food, and the Environment," Earth Island Journal 5, no. 2:32. A warning that loss of family farms threatens our environment and our food supply.

Chapter 12

Ames, B. N., et al. (May/June) 1990. "Are Children at Greater Risk?" E.P.A. Journal 16, no. 3:28-30. A forum of experts, observers, and activists discusses pesticide dangers in our food.
Ball, T. 1994. "Rachel Carson: American Biologist," In Environmental Encyclopedia. Detroit: Gale Research. A good discussion of this pioneering researcher and writer and the controversy surrounding publication of Silent Spring.
Bassi, S. (May/June) 1990. "Vacuuming Up the Bugs," E.P.A. Journal 16. no. 3:41-42. An amazing machine avoids pesticides on salad greens.
Gips, T. 1990. Breaking the Pesticide Habit. Minneapolis: International Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture. Presents a good account of historical development of pest control and alternatives to the "dirty dozen" most dangerous pesticides.
Gould, F. 1991. "The Evolutionary Potential of Crop Pests," American Scientist 79:496-507. An account of crop pest ability to adapt to pest-control procedures and how that may affect future strategies in pesticide use.
Green, M. B., et al. 1990. Managing Resistance to Agrochemicals: From Fundamental Research to Practical Strategies. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. A good overview of the causes and consequences of pesticide resistance in agriculture together with an examination of emerging pest-control methods.
Grossman, J. (September/October) 1993. "How Green Are These Fairways?" Audubon 95, no. 5:90. Describes how golf courses use far higher amounts of pesticides per unit area than most farms.
Horn, D. J. 1988. Ecological Approach to Pest Management. New York: Guilford Press. How we might use ecological knowledge to design safe and effective pest-control programs.
Lambert, B., and M. Perferoen. 1992. "Insecticidal Properties of Bacillus thuringiensis," Bioscience 42:112-122. A good explanation of current theories of how these useful bacteria kill caterpillars.
Pimentel, D., and H. Lehman, eds. 1992. The Pesticide Question. London: Chapman & Hall. Leading scientists explore the ecology, economics, and ethics of pesticide use.
Reganold, J. P., et al. (June) 1990. "Sustainable Agriculture," Scientific American 262, no. 6:112-120. Describes how alternative pest-management systems fit in sustainable agriculture.
Russell, C. (May/June) 1990. "A Crisis in Public Confidence," EPA Journal 16, no. 3:2-5. A good discussion of the Alar apple scare. Concludes that image is more important than science in making public policy.
Strobel, G. A. (July) 1992. "Biological Control of Weeds," Scientific American 265, no. 1:72-78. How natural enemies can be used to combat weeds.
Tumlinson, J. H., et al. (March) 1993. "How Parasitic Wasps Find Their Hosts," Scientific American 266, no. 3:100-105. A fascinating account of how wasps locate caterpillar prey and how this may aid in pest control.

Chapter 13

Balon, E. K., and M. N. Bruton. 1986. "Introduction of alien species or why scientific advice is not heeded," Environmental Biology of Fishes 16:225-320. Biologists warned that introduction of Nile perch into Lake Victoria might be disastrous. It was.
Barker, Rocky. 1993. Saving All the Parts: Reconciling Economics and the Endangered Species Act. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A good discussion of the economics of endangered species protection.
Bass, R. (September/October) 1993. "Grizzlies: Are They Out There?" Audubon 95, no. 5:66. Searching for elusive grizzlies in the San Juan Mountains of southern Colorado with the legendary Doug Peacock.
Carr, R. A., et al. 1993. "Rainforest Entrepreneurs: Cashing In On Conservation," Environment 35 no. 7:12. Tagua nut marketing, ecotourism, and pharmaceutical prospecting are helping preserve both endangered species and indigenous cultures.
Derr, M. (March/April) 1992. "Raiders of the Reef," Audubon 94 no. 2:48. Aquarists bring pieces of the world's coral reefs into their homes but are destroying the resource.
Leopold, A. 1933. Game Management. New York: Scribner's. The first textbook of wildlife management published in America. A still useful classic by one of America's greatest naturalists.
Lynn, W. S. 1994. "Zoos," Environmental Encyclopedia. W. Cunningham, et al., eds. Detroit, MI: Gale Research. A concise summary of the history, philosophy, and operation of zoos.
Mann, C. C., and M. L. Plummer. (January) 1992. "The Butterfly Problem," Atlantic Monthly p. 47. A comprehensive discussion of endangered species protection from an anthropocentric perspective.
Mares, M. A. (February) 1992. "Neotropical Mammals and the Myth of Amazonian Biodiversity," Science 255:967. Argues that while trees and insects are abundant in the Amazon, for some taxa deserts or grasslands have greater biodiversity.
May, R. M. (October) 1992. "How Many Species Inhabit the Earth?" Scientific American 267 no. 4:42. A thoughtful discussion of biodiversity and the problem of species identification.
Peters, R. L., ed. 1991. Consequences of the Greenhouse Effect for Biological Diversity. New Haven: Yale University Press. A comprehensive series of articles linking two of the most important environmental problems of our day.
Radetsky, P. (July) 1993. "Back to Nature," Discover 15 no. 1:34. Discusses the difficulty of reintroducing captive-bred animals back into the wild.
Rauber, P. (January/February) 1992. "Last Refuge," Sierra 77 no. 1:36 Environmentalists campaign to save the Arctic coastal plain from oil drilling-while on site the reporter considers what to do when the bear comes but the plane doesn't.
Tattersall, I. (January) 1993. "Madagascar's Lemurs," Scientific American 268(1):110. The lemur's diverse Madagascaran habitats are disappearing fast and so are they. Unless hunting and deforestation cease all may be lost.
Wille, C. (January/February) 1993. "Riches from the Rainforest," Nature Conservancy Annual Report 43 no. 1:10. Describes how "barefoot parataxonomists" are searching for "green gold" in Costa Rica.
Wilson, E. O. 1992. The Diversity of Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. A fascinating description of biodiversity by one of the world's leading field biologists.

Chapter 14

Aplet, G., et al., eds. 1993. Defining Sustainable Forestry. Covelo, CA: Island Press. Proceedings of an international conference convened by the Wilderness Society, American Forests, and the World Resources Institute on ecosystem management in forests.
Barber, C. V., et al. 1994. Breaking the Logjam. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. An analysis of obstacles to forest policy reform in Indonesia and the United States.
Breining, B. 1992. "Back Home on the Range," Nature Conservancy 42, no. 6:11. A herd of 400 bison have been reintroduced to the Nature Conservancy's Niobara Valley Preserve to restore grassland ecosystems.
Bryant, R. L. 1994. "The Rise and Fall of Taungya Forestry," The Ecologist 24, no. 1:21. A description of the taungya system of agroforestry in Burma as a model of sustainable social forestry.
Colchester, M., and L. Lohman. 1993. The Struggle for Land and the Fate of the Forests. Penang, Malaysia: World Rainforest Movement. Case studies from Guatemala, Brazil, Zaire, Thailand, and Indonesia that link land rights and economics with forest destruction.
Cowell, A. 1990. The Decade of Destruction: The Crusade to Save the Amazon Rainforest. New York: Henry Holt and Company. A companion book to a television documentary detailing the forces involved in rainforest destruction. Includes a firsthand account of the killing of Chico Mendez.
Durning, A. T. 1993. Saving the Forests. Worldwatch Paper 117. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute. How can economics, politics, and sustainable development aid forest conservation?
Fearnside, P. M. 1993. "Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: The Effect of Population and Land Tenure," Ambio 22, no. 8:537. A detailed analysis of deforestation rates calculated from LANDSAT data.
Hecht, S., and A. Cockburn. 1991. Fate of the Forest. New York: Harper Collins. Traces European exploitation of the Amazon, starting with the rubber boom of the last century and continuing to the present. Argues that only "socialist ecology" can save the forest.
Lansky, M. 1992. Beyond the Beauty Strip: Saving What's Left of Our Forests. London: Tilbury House Publishers. Critiques industrial-style forest management and suggests alternative, ecologically sound, socially responsible, economically viable, and sustainable alternatives.
Marshall, G. 1990. "The Political Economy of Logging: A Case Study in Corruption," The Ecologist 20, no. 5:174. Examines logging practices and corruption in Papua, New Guinea.
Patterson, A. 1990. "Debt-for-Nature Swaps and the Need for Alternatives," Environment 32, no. 10:4. An examination of the role of debt reduction in land conservation.
Plotkin, M., and L. Famolare. 1992. Sustainable Harvest and Marketing of Rainforest Products. Covelo, CA: Island Press. Based on a Conservation International Conference in Panama, this book explores forest management and sustainability.
Repetto, R. 1990. "Deforestation in the Tropics," Scientific American 262, no. 4:36. Discusses policies to encourage forest preservation and to stop destruction of an irreplaceable resource.
Revkin, A. 1991. The Burning Season: The Murder of Chico Mendez and the Fight for the Amazon Rain Forest. New York: Houghton Mifflin. An excellent account of the complex fight to save the rainforest and of the rise to prominence and martyrdom of Chico Mendez.
Savory, Allan. 1988. Holistic Resource Management. Covelo, CA: Island Press. Outlines a controversial system of intensive grazing to restore dry, degraded rangelands.
Solbrig, O. T., and M. D. Young. 1992. "Towards a Sustainable and Equitable Future for Savannas," Environment 34, no. 3:6. Savannas in many countries support both a rich diversity of life and threatened nomadic cultures. Preservation of both landscape and culture are interrelated.
Watkins, T. H. 1993. "Agenda: The Perils of Option 9," Wilderness 57, no. 203:6. A discussion of old-growth forest management in the Pacific Northwest.
Wuerthner, G. 1991. "How the West Was Eaten," Wilderness 54, no. 192:28. Argues that grazing policies have brought ruin to western grazing lands to support an archaic myth of ranching. See similar article in Sierra 75, no. 5 (September/October 1990):38.

Chapter 15

Finkelstein, M. (Spring) 1992. "National Park Dreams," Borealis, 32-42. The Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society's quarterly surveys the state of parks and preserves in Canada and prospects of completing the system of protected areas proposed in the national Green Plan.
Gardner, F. (Spring) 1991. "Who Benefits from Ecotourism?" Earth Island Journal 6, no. 2:30. A hard look at the effects of ecotourism in Guatemala. See also article by Michael Passoff in same issue.
Halpern, S. (July/August) 1992. "Losing Ground," Audubon 94, no. 4:70. Whooping cranes have made a comeback. It's their Texas refuge that's eroding.
Kiester, E. (October) 1993. "A New Park Saved the Tall Trees, But at a High Cost to the Community," Smithsonian 24, no. 7:42-54. A sympathetic look at how establishing Redwood National Park affects local communities.
Kusler, J., and L. Larson. (June) 1993. "Beyond the Ark: A New Approach to U.S. Floodplain Management," Environment 35, no. 5:6. Raises questions about the effectiveness of floodplain management and federal flood insurance.
Luoma, J. R. (January/February) 1992. "Born To Be Wild," Audubon 94, no. 1:50-59. Breeding programs may be able to save endangered animals, but as habitat disappears, will these creatures be condemned to captivity?
McConahay, M. J. (January/February) 1993. "Sweet Waist of America," Sierra 78, no. 1:42. A good discussion of the conflicts between development and preservation in Central America.
Mitchell, J. G. (November) 1992. "Uncluttering Yosemite." Audubon 92, no. 6:72-95. Is it possible to restore the natural beauty of Yosemite Valley?
Oelschlaeger, M. 1991. The Idea of Wilderness: From Prehistory to the Age of Ecology. New Haven: Yale University Press. An updated history of ideas about wilderness and nature in human culture.
Rauber, P. (January/February) 1992. "Last Refuge." Sierra 77, no. 1:36. Environmentalists campaign to save the Arctic coastal plain from oil drilling, while on site the reporter considers what to do when the bear comes but the plane doesn't.
Schueler, D. G. (July) 1990. "Losing Louisiana," Audubon 92, no. 4:78-87. Canal dredging and flood prevention are causing drastic losses in our nation's largest coastal wetlands. One of fourteen excellent articles in an issue devoted entirely to wetlands.
Stegner, W. (September) 1991. "Ringed by Hungry Eyes," American Way, 80. A last visit to a great place by the dean of California nature writers.
Steinhart, P. (January/February) 1993. "Mud Wrestling," Sierra 78, no. 1:54. Just how wet does a wetland have to be? Politicians, developers, and conservationists clash over the definition.
Whelan, T. 1991. Nature Tourism. Washington, DC: Island Press. A compendium of case studies from many countries on the benefits and disadvantages of adventure travel.
Wille, C. (January/February) 1993. "Riches from the Rainforest." Nature Conservancy Annual Report, 10. Describes how "barefoot parataxonomists" are searching for "green gold" in Costa Rica.
Wood, T. (August) 1993. "Did 'ja See the Bear? Where'd It Go?" Smithsonian 24, no. 5:20. Tourists, pollution, low budgets, and encroaching civilization challenge the Great Smokey Mountains National Park as never before.

Chapter 16

Brendan, J. M., and R. D. Nance. (April) 1992. "Mountain Belts and the Supercontinent Cycle," Scientific American 266, no. 4:84. A good discussion of the current status of plate tectonic theory.
Brimhall, G. (May) 1991. "The Genesis of Ores," Scientific American 264, no. 5:84. Explains how fluid transport builds up the ore bodies from which we obtain economic minerals.
Caudill, H. M. 1963. Night Comes to the Cumberlands. Boston: Atlantic-Little, Brown. An eloquent but anguished lament for what strip-mining has done to Appalachia.
Chiles, J. (Fall) 1986. "Standing Up to Earthquakes," Invention and Technology 2, no. 2:56. Discusses current efforts to build earthquake-proof buildings and cities.
Darlington, D. (July/August) 1992. "Copper Versus Grandeur," Audubon 94, no. 4:84. Describes now-postponed plans to mine British Columbia's Windy Craggy Mountain and threats to the adjacent Tatshenshini River.
Davidson, Keay. (May) 1994. "Predicting Earthquakes." Earth 3, (3):56. The 1994 San Fernando earthquake surprised seismologists who had been making progress in predicting when faults would give way. The earth and its movements are more complex than we thought.
Greer, J. (May/June) 1993. "The Price of Gold: Environmental Costs of the New Gold Rush," Ecologist 23, (3):91. A worldwide overview of the environmental effects of precious metal mining.
Johnson, A. C., and L. R. Kanter. (March) 1990. "Earthquakes in Stable Continental Crust," Scientific American. 262, (3):68. A theory of how earthquakes can occur well away from the edges of tectonic plates.
McPhee, John. 1993. Assembling California. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. The latest episode in a masterful series on geology by this popular writer.
Pendick, Daniel. (May) 1994. "Under the Volcano," Earth 3 (3):34. As the global population grows, more and more people are crowding near some of the world's deadliest volcanoes, increasing the risk of disaster.
Plotkin, S. (January/February) 1986. "From Surface Mine to Cropland," Environment 28, (1):16. The current state of mine reclamation efforts: hopeless or full of promise?
Postel, S., and C. Flavin. 1991. "Reshaping the Global Economy," in State of the World 1991. New York: W. W. Norton Co. Calls for aid for sustainable development, redirecting government incentives, and a change from growth to sustainable progress.
Van Gelder, L. (January/February) 1992."Saving the Homeplace," Audubon 94, (1)62. A group of Kentucky environmentalists are healing Appalachia's mining scars.
Vogel, Shawna (March) 1994. "The Big Flush." Earth 3, (2):39. Spectacular computer simulations of movements in the earth's mantle suggest that plumes and blobs of hot and cold magma rise and fall like the colored oil globules in a lava lamp.

Chapter 17

Alvarez, W., et al. 1990. "What Caused the Mass Extinction?" Scientific American 263, no. 4:76. The debate over asteroids or volcanoes as the cause of extinction.
Arthur, M. A., and R. E. Garrison, eds. 1986. "Milankovitch Cycles through Geologic Time." Paleo-oceanography 1:369. A special section on global climate changes.
Broecker, W. S., and G. H. Denton. January 1990. "What Drives Glacial Cycles?" Scientific American 262, no. 1:49. A discussion of how changes in the earth's orbit could lead to massive reorganization of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns that determine climate.
Davidson, Keay. 1996. "Winter in Paradise," Earth 5(1):20-23. During the Ice Age, the tropics may have cooled much more than we previously believed. How might man-made climate change affect these areas?
Fernau, M., et al. October 1993. "Review and Impacts of Climate Change Uncertainties." Futures 25, no. 8:850. Uncertainties about the amount and rate of change due to human activities hinder policymaking. This article analyzes the sources of these uncertainties and offers no-regrets measures that we could undertake now.
Graedel, T. E., and P. J. Crutzen. September 1989. "The Changing Atmosphere." Scientific American 261, no. 3:58. A good overview of the atmosphere and how greenhouse gases might affect it.
Graham, N. E., and W. B. White. June 1988. "The El Niño Cycle: A Natural Oscillation of the Pacific Ocean Atmospheric System." Science 240, no. 4857:1293. Proposes that ENSO cycles are an oscillating system regulated by baronic, subsurface Kelvin and Rosby waves.
Horgan, J. March 1993. "Antarctic Meltdown." Scientific American 268, no. 3:19. Although glacial ice melts faster in a warm climate, increased evaporation and precipitation replenish glaciers faster as well. Different speeds at which glaciers flow and calve off icebergs may have a strong impact on sea level.
Jones, P. D., and T. M. L. Wigley. August 1990. "Global Warming Trends." Scientific American 263, no. 2:84. Recent results of climate changes and how to interpret them.
Kerr, Richard A. (February) 1987. "Milankovitch Climate Cycles through the Ages." Science 235, no. 4792:973. Brief review of climate cycles.
Kunzig, R. April 1991. "Earth and Ice." Discover 12, no. 4:55. Proposes how fertilizing the ocean could stimulate phytoplankton growth and reduce atmospheric CO2.
Lindzen, R. S. March 1990. "A Skeptic Speaks Out." EPA Journal 16, no. 2:46. Criticism of climate models and climate change theories.
Minnis, P., et al. March 1993. "Radiative Climate Forcing by the Mount Pinatubo Eruption." Science 259:1411. High altitude volcanic aerosols increased albedo over both clear and cloudy areas as measured by the ERBE satellite.
Monserud, R. A., et al. September 1993. "Global Vegetation Change Predicted by the Modified Budyko Model." Climatic Change 25, no. 1:59. A technical analysis of possible vegetation changes with varying levels of global warming.
Oppenheimer, M., and R. H. Boyle. 1990. Dead Heat: The Race Against the Greenhouse Effect. New York: New Republic Books. A popular account of possible causes and effects of global climate change.
Ramage, C. S. June 1986. "El Niño." Scientific American 254, no. 6:76. A good description of atmospheric pressure anomalies in the equatorial Pacific and their effects on large-scale climate changes.

Chapter 18

Browner, C. M. (July) 1993. "Pollution Prevention: It's a Whole New Way of Doing Business," EPA Journal 19, no. 3:6. Businesses are invited by the EPA to reduce pollution production rather than try "end of the pipe" solutions.
Calwell, Chris. 1994.No More Tailpipes: The Role of Electric Vehicles in Clearing California's Air. New York: The Natural Resources Defense Council. A short but useful summary of the opportunity for reducing air pollution in urban areas.
Castleman, M. (September/October) 1993. "This Place Makes Me Sick," Sierra 78, no. 5:106. Chemicals evaporating from perfumes, correction fluids, household cleaners, and building materials can contribute to the "sick house syndrome."
Fischhoff, B. 1991. "Report from Poland: Science and Politics in the Midst of Environmental Disaster," Environment 33, no. 2:21. Decades of neglect and oppression have created an environmental disaster in Eastern Europe. The new democratic governments have little money to clean up the mess they inherited.
French, H. F. 1991. "Restoring Eastern European and Soviet Environments," State of the World 1991. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute. Environmental reconstruction is imperative in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The Green ecological movement has been instrumental in both political change and environmental restoration.
Graedel, T. E., and P. J. Crutzen. 1989. "The Changing Atmosphere," Scientific American 261, no. 3:58. Describes how human activities are polluting the atmosphere.
Harvey, L. D. (September) 1993. "Tackling Urban CO2 Emissions in Toronto," Environment 35, no. 7:16. While many national governments are arguing about global warming, fourteen cities have joined the Urban CO2 Project to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Krahl-Urban, B., et al. 1988. Forest Decline. Corvallis, OR: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A thorough and beautifully illustrated report on the effects of air pollution on forests in North America and Germany. Presents data and theories on several mechanisms of forest ecosystem damage.
Monastersky, R. (April) 1993. "Ozone Layer Shows Record Thinning," Science News 143, no. 17:260. Satellite measurements show that stratospheric ozone levels are falling 10 percent or more above much of the planet.
Parrish, D. D., et al. (March) 1993. "Export of North American Ozone Pollution to the North Atlantic Ocean," Science 259:1436. The amount of tropospheric ozone produced photochemically from anthropogenic precursors is calculated to be greater than that from natural sources. This effect appears to be hemispherewide at northern temperate latitudes.
Reilly, W. K. 1991. "The New Clean Air Act: An Environmental Milestone," EPA Journal 17, no. 1:2. The head of the EPA explains the significance of the new act not only as a tool for management but also as an environmental precedent in a special volume entirely devoted to this issue.
Sexton, K. (October/December) 1993. "An Inside Look at Air Pollution," EPA Journal 19, no. 4:9. A special issue on indoor air pollution.
Torrens, I. M. 1990. "Developing Clean Coal Technologies," Environment 32, no. 6:10. Coal combustion is the single largest source of air pollution in North America. Billions of dollars are being spent to find ways to reduce this pollution.

Chapter 19

Bates, Sarah F., et al. 1993. Searching Out the Headwaters: Change and Rediscovery in Western Water Policy. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A thorough analysis of western water use and the outmoded rules that govern it.
Der Spiegel. (May/June) 1993. "The Drying Game," Utne Reader 57:74. Describes how, as water becomes scarcer, global tensions could reach the boiling point.
Dziegielewske, B., and D. D. Baumann. (November) 1992. "Tapping Alternatives: The Benefits of Managing Urban Water Demands," Environment 34, no. 9:6. By 2010, southern California may have enough water to fulfill only 70 percent of its needs. The authors discuss demand-management as a solution to water scarcity.
Homer-Dixon, T. F., et al. (February) 1993. "Environmental Change and Violent Conflict," Scientific American 268, no. 2:38. Examines the potential for armed conflict over diminishing environmental resources, especially fresh water.
Hulme, M., and M. Kelly. (July/August) 1993. "Exploring the Links between Desertification and Climate Change," Environment 35, no. 6:4. Describes desert spreading and climatic cycles as well as the effects of long-range drought on people's lives.
Leopold, L. B. 1990. "Ethos, Equity and Water Resource," Environment 32, 2:16. A useful review of water resources and management by a distinguished hydrologist.
Lewis, J. 1991. "The Ogallala Aquifer, an Underground Sea," EPA Journal 16, 6:42. A good description of the history of and possible solutions to overuse of this imperiled resource.
Mincher, P. (November/December) 1993. "The Philippine Energy Crisis," The Ecologist 23, no. 6:228. Hydroelectric dams in badly deforested watersheds are silting up and causing an energy crisis. Local groups are calling for small-scale renewable-energy projects and energy conservation, but the government is pressing ahead with more mammoth projects.
Parfit, M. (November) 1993. "Sharing the wealth of water," National Geographic 184, no. 5A:20. The lead article in a special issue on water. Beautiful pictures.
Pearce, F. 1991. "Building a Disaster: The Monumental Folly of India's Tehri Dam," Ecologist 21, 3:123. If completed, the Tehri dam will be the largest in Asia. Its location in an earthquake-prone valley could be an ecological and social disaster.
Quammen, D. (March) 1990. "A Long River with a Long History," Audubon, 68. A grand description of the Rio Grande and how it shapes the ecology and culture of the southwest.
Reisner, M., and S. F. Bates. 1990. Overtapped Oasis: Reform or Revolution for Western Water. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A stinging rebuke of business as usual in western water use.
Rowell, G. (November/December) 1993. "Flowing Free," Audubon 95, no. 6:68. California's Tuolumne, which John Muir fought to protect, is one of the premier whitewater rivers in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Hydroelectric and irrigation projects have taken most of its water, but the remaining free-flowing sections are now part of the Wild and Scenic River System. Spectacular photographs.
Sears, P. B. 1991. Deserts on the March. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A reissue of the classic 1935 study of human-caused desertification around the world.
Stegner, W. 1954. Beyond the Hundredth Meridian: John Wesley Powell and the Second Opening of the West. Cambridge, MA: The Riverside Press. A classic history by the dean of western writers about the role of water in western settlement and politics.
Tolba, M. K., et al. 1992. The World Environment 1972-1992. London: Chapman & Hall. An excellent summary and analysis of the world situation from the perspective of the United Nations Environment Program.
Tuan, Yi-Fu. 1968. The Hydrologic Cycle and The Wisdom of God: A Theme in Geoteleology. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. A historic and cultural review of attitudes toward nature with special emphasis on the hydrologic cycle.
Wilkinson, C. F. 1993. Crossing the Next Meridian. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A primer on land, water, and the future of the American West.
World Bank. 1992. World Development Report 1992. Oxford: Oxford University Press. A useful compilation of data and policy analysis.
World Resources Institute. 1992. World Resources 1992-93. Oxford: Oxford University Press. An excellent data set on world resources and sustainable development.

Chapter 20

Alley, W. 1993. Regional Groundwater Quality. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A comprehensive reference on groundwater quality, availability, and use.
Batisse, M. (June) 1990. "Probing the Future of the Mediterranean Basin," Environment 32, no. 5:4. Describes the Mediterranean Blue Plan for international cooperation in cleaning up this sea.
Browner, C. M. (July/September) 1993. "Pollution Prevention Takes Center Stage," EPA Journal 19, no. 3:6. The EPA administrator explains new approaches to water quality management in a special issue devoted to pollution prevention.
Colburn, T., and R. Liroff. (November/December) 1990. "Toxics in the Great Lakes," EPA Journal 16, no. 6:5. Increasing levels of toxins in the Great Lakes make cleanup more urgent and more complicated.
Fischhoff, B. (March) 1991. "Report from Poland: Science and Politics in the Midst of Environmental Disaster," Environment 33, no. 2:12. Air and water pollution were ignored and information was suppressed during 40 years of communist rule. Now an enormous task of environmental cleanup faces the country.
Gleick, P. 1993. Water in Crisis. Covelo, CA: Island Press. This compilation of essays by leading specialists surveys the state of the world's fresh water.
Glomb, S. (November/December) 1990. "Measuring Environmental Success," EPA Journal 16, no. 6:57. How do we know whether efforts to clean up the major bodies of water are really succeeding?
Goldstein, B. 1991. "The Folly of the Exxon Valdez Cleanup," Earth Island Journal 6, no. 1:30. Much of the cleanup of Prince William Sound was done by nature. The expensive and highly publicized steam-cleaning of beaches may have done more harm than good.
Kindler, J., and S. F. Linter. (October) 1993. "An Action Plan to Clean Up the Baltic," Environment 35, no. 8:6. Industrial and municipal waste discharge, agricultural runoff, and weak circulation patterns have made this one of the world's most polluted seas. The disappearance of East-West political barriers, however, has opened opportunities for new national cooperation and cleanup.
King, J. (Fall) 1993. "Something in the Water," The Amicus Journal 15, no. 3:20. A good summary of current water quality issues in the United States with inserts on pending Clean Water Legislation and what you can do to protect your drinking water.
Mee, Laurence. 1992. "The Black Sea Crisis: A Need for Concerted International Action," Ambio 21(4):280-289.
Minister of the Environment, Canada. 1991. The State of Canada's Environment. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services, Canada. A comprehensive analysis of Canada's environment including water resources, pollution, and management. Excellent discussion of the Great Lakes issues.
Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund. 1990. The Poisoned Well: New Strategies for Groundwater Protection. San Francisco: Sierra Club Press. An excellent source of information about sources of and protection against groundwater pollution.
van der Leeden, F., et al., eds. 1990. The Water Encyclopedia. Covelo, CA: Island Press. A thorough explanation of water sources, cycles, compartments, uses, quality, pollution, management, laws, treaties, and agencies.

Chapter 21

Corcoran, E. 1991. "Cleaning Up Coal," Scientific American 264, no. 5:106. Novel market-based approaches to reducing air pollution from coal combustion are described.
Ford, D. 1983. Three Mile Island: Thirty Minutes to Meltdown. New York: Penguin Books. A description of the worst nuclear power accident in the United States and how it happened.
Fulkerson, W., et al. 1990. "Energy from Fossil Fuels," Scientific American 263, no. 3:128. One of a series of articles in a special issue on energy. Also reprinted in book form. See Davis, G. R., above.
Golay, M. W., and N. E. Todreas. 1989. "Advanced Light-Water Reactors," Scientific American 262, no. 4:82. Discusses new passive safety features that can make nuclear energy safer and more attractive.
H'tele, W. (September) 1990. "Energy from Nuclear Power," Scientific American 263, no. 3:136. Nuclear power could supply much needed energy, this author claims, if safe reactors are designed and security and waste storage problems are solved.
Kats, G. (July) 1992. "The Earth Summit: Opportunity for Energy Reform," Energy Policy 20, no. 6:547. The Earth Summit was an opportune time to reform energy policy. What happened?
Lester, R. K. (March) 1986. "Rethinking Nuclear Power," Scientific American 254, no. 3:31. A good description of how a new generation of low-power, centrally fabricated nuclear reactors could be designed for inherent safety.
Pollack, C. 1986. "Decommissioning: Nuclear Power's Missing Link," Worldwatch Paper 69. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute. An excellent discussion of disposal of old nuclear power plants.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Environmental Perspective on the Emerging Oil Shale Industry. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. A massive potential source of energy, but also a massive potential source of environmental harm.

Chapter 22

Brower, M. 1992. Cool Energy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. A thorough review of renewable energy alternatives.
Davis, G. R. (September) 1990. "Energy for Planet Earth," Scientific American 263, no. 3:54. An excellent overview of our global energy resources and how we can achieve a sustainable relationship between energy use and the environment.
Dobb, E. (November/December) 1992."Solar Cooker," Audubon 94, no. 6:100. Describes how a simple box cooker could preserve forests and save lives.
Flavin, Christopher, and Nicholas Lenssen. (June) 1994. "Powering the Future: Blueprint for a Sustainable Electricity Industry," Worldwatch Institute Paper 119, Worldwatch Institute. Washington, DC. An excellent overview for the potential of renewable energy sources.
Hamakawa, Y. (April) 1987. "Photovoltaic Power," Scientific American 256, no. 4:86. An excellent discussion of photovoltaics and why they work.
Hirst, E. (March) 1991. "Boosting Energy Efficiency through Federal Action," Environment 33, no. 2:6. Describes some actions we could take to increase our energy efficiency.
Holmes, H. (September/October) 1993. "Unplugged," Sierra 78, no. 5:23. What would it be like to live "off-grid"? Some good examples of how people are using energy conservation and alternative sources to free themselves from dependence on utilities.
Kammen, Daniel. "Cookstoves for the Developing World," Scientific American 273(1):72-75. Inexpensive but efficient cookstoves could cut air pollution and save energy for billions of people.
Kozloff, K. L., and R. C. Dower. 1993. A New Power Base. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Describes new renewable energy policies for the nineties and beyond.
Luoma, J. (May) 1991. "Even if Rich, Shouldn't You Switch?" Audubon 93, no. 3:80. An engaging article on the benefits of compact fluorescent bulbs.
Nelson, Erik, and Cecile Leboeuf. "Sunrayce 93," Solar Today 8 (Jan/Feb 1994):21-22. An exciting account of the solar race across America.
Penney, T., and D. Bharathan. (January) 1987. "Power from the Sea," Scientific American 256, no. 1:86. A good discussion of ocean thermal electric conversion.
Schaeffer, J. et al. 1994. Real Goods Alternate Energy Source Book. Eighth edition. Ukiah, CA: Real Goods Trading Corp. Products, graphics, instructions for setting up alternate energy and energy conservation systems.
Tracy, J. (October/November) 1992. "Green Lights for Home and Business," Garbage 4, no. 5:49. A useful analysis of the different types of compact fluorescent bulbs comparing price, power consumption, size, shape, and life.
Udall, J. R. (January/February) 1990. "Conservation Profile: Amory Lovins," Sierra 75, no. 1:128. An interview with the guru of energy efficiency and soft paths to energy independence.

Chapter 23

Bedsworth, W. W. (May/June) 1993. "The Verdict," Sierra 78, no. 3:82. Judges are imposing stiff fines and even jail terms for toxic dumping.
Diaz, L. F., et al. 1993. Composting and Recycling Municipal Solid Waste. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers. A comprehensive guide to composting and recycling.
Gorman, J. (November/December) 1993. "Worms Stand Tall," Audubon 95, no. 6:106. Even if you live in an apartment or dormitory, you can feed organic waste to worms in a box in the basement or under the sink. It's fun to do and you might make a profit by selling part of the surplus supply.
Grieder, W. 1990. "Hazardous Waste Exports: Changes in Sight," EPA Journal 16, no. 4:46. Although progress is being made in controlling hazardous waste exports, much dangerous material still crosses boundaries. The U.S. Congress and the United Nations are considering measures to curb toxic exports.
Hattemer-Frey, Holly A., and Curtis Travis. 1991. Health Effects of Municipal Waste Incineration. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers. A professional overview of the toxicology and epidemiology of waste incineration.

Chapter 24

Howard, E. 1902. Garden Cities of Tomorrow. London: Farber and Farber. A classic in city planning that sparked the new town movement. Many of the features of modern suburbs feature designs of Howard and his chief architect, Raymond Unwin. Unfortunately, they do not usually include the total community design envisioned by these pioneers.
Huth, M. J. 1970. The Urban Habitat: Past, Present and Future. Chicago: Nelson-Hall. A review of the urbanization phenomenon from antiquity to present, urban planning in Europe and America, and a formula for a more humane urban America.
Jacobs, Jane. 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage Books. A highly influential and well-written book about urban development.
Kropotkin, P. 1913. Fields, Factories and Workshops or Industry Combined with Agriculture and Brainwork with Manual Work. Rev. ed. London: G. P. Putnam's Sons. First published in Boston, 1899. Sociological and economic intelligence of the first order founded on Kropotkin's specialized competence as a geographer and his passion as a communist anarchist. Especially emphasizes planning for undeveloped areas.
Kunstler, J. H. 1993. The Geography of Nowhere. New York: Simon & Schuster. A scathing indictment of modern suburbs.
Le Corbusier. 1924. Urbanisme. Paris: Translated by The City of Tomorrow and Its Planning (New York: Dover Press, 1930). Suggestions for a mechanical metropolis with widely spaced skyscrapers and multiple-decked traffic ways. One of the most influential books of its generation.
McHarg, I. 1969. Design with Nature. Philadelphia: Natural History Press. A classic of landscape architecture that pioneered a holistic approach and consideration of natural features in urban design.
Mumford, Lewis. 1961. The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformation, and Its Prospects. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. A comprehensive, classic review of city planning through history.
Park, R. 1952. Human Communities: The City and Human Ecology. Glenco: Free Press. The origin of the idea of human ecology.
Ralston, Jeannie. 1993. "Among the Ruins of Matamoros," Audubon 95(6):86-95. A gripping view of the colonias and maquilladoras of the Texas/Mexico border.
Register, R. 1992. Ecocity Berkeley. Berkeley, CA: Urban Ecology Institute. Suggestions on building healthy and humane cities.
Tolstoy, L. N. 1881. What Then Shall We Do? An account of the census of 1880 and of conditions in Moscow during the age of industrialism. One of the seminal books in social philosophy.
Wachs, M., and M. Crawford, eds. 1990. The Car and the City: The Automobile, the Built Environment, and Daily Urban Life. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. An interdisciplinary perspective on urban development and change detailing the impact of the automobile on the form and functioning of the city.

Chapter 25

Bari, Judi. 1994. Timber Wars. Monroe, MA: Common Courage Press. Speeches, notes, interviews, and articles by a leading activist in the battle over old-growth redwoods in California.
Barker, Mary L., and Dietrich Soyez. 1994. "Think Locally, Act Globally? The Transnationalization of Canadian Resource-Use Conflicts," Environment 36(5):12-18. Proponents and opponents in environmental conflicts such as the James Bay hydropower project are attempting to influence public opinion at home and abroad.
Durnil, Gordon K. 1995. The Greening of a Conservative. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. A conservative businessman argues that preserving the environment is important.
Durning, A. T. (January/February) 1993. "Long on Things, Short on Time," Sierra 78, no. 1:60. We can-and must-make do with less stuff while learning to measure wealth not in dollars but in hours.
Eckersley, R. 1992. Environmentalism and Political Theory: Toward an Ecocentric Approach. Albany: State University of New York Press. A thoughtful discussion of environmental political theory.
Goldsmith, E., et al. (July/August) 1992. "Whose Common Future?" The Ecologist 22, no. 4:122. A special issue devoted to a critique of development and management policies for the global commons.
Hansen, P. 1991. "Canada's Green Plan," Canada Today/d'aujourd'hui 22, no. 1:3. A special issue explaining the comprehensive, nationwide plan to protect and improve Canada's environment following the guidelines of the Brundtland Commission.
Haupt, Lyanda H. 1995. "Scientists in Conservation Activism," Conservation Biology 9(3):691-693. What is the role of science in activist campaigns?
Hawken, P. (April) 1992. "The Ecology of Commerce." INC., 93-100. An interesting discussion of green business by the founder of Smith & Hawken garden products and Erewhon natural foods.
Homer-Dixon, T. F., et al. (February) 1993. "Environmental Change and Violent Conflict," Scientific American 286, no. 2:38. Suggests that competition for resources is causing increasing conflict between nations and ethnic groups.
Livernash, R. (June) 1992. "The Growing Influence of NGOs in the Developing World," Environment 34, no. 5:12. A good overview of Third World NGOs.
Merchant, C. 1992. Radical Ecology: The Search for a Livable World. London: Routledge. An excellent survey of radical environmental politics and ethics including deep ecology, social ecology, green politics, ecofeminism, and spiritual ecology.
O'Callaghan, K. (September/October) 1992. "Whose Agenda for America?" Audubon 94, no. 5:80. An environmentalist looks at the Wise Use Movement and what it wants.
Oelschaleger, Max. 1992. After Earth Day: Continuing the Conservation Effort. Denton, TX: The University of North Texas Press. Conservation politics, philosophy, economy, religion, and activism.
Pepper, David. 1993. Eco-Socialism: From Deep Ecology to Social Justice. London: Routledge. A Marxist analysis of radical activism and green politics.
Poole, W. (November/December) 1992. "Neither Wise Nor Well," Sierra 77, no. 6:58. An environmentalist goes undercover at the Wise Use convention. Who are those guys, anyway?
Smith, A. A. 1993. Campus Ecology: A Guide to Assessing Environmental Quality and Creating Strategies for Change. Los Angeles: Living Planet Press. A guide from the Student Environmental Action Coalition with many examples and case studies of things you can do for a better environment on your campus.
Taylor, D. 1992. (March/April) 1992. "The Environmental Justice Movement," EPA Journal 18, no. 1:23. Part of a special issue on environmental racism.
Tolstoy, Leo. 1886. What Then Must We Do? (1991 reissue translated by Aylmer Maude) Brideford, Devon: Green Books. A chronicle of wretched conditions in 19th-century Moscow together with reflections on right livelihood and meaning of life.
Webster, D. (January) 1992. "Sweet Home Arkansas," Outside. Describes how a group of determined activists are resisting toxic dumping in their backyards. (Reprinted in Utne Reader, July/August 1992, together with an article on "Nimbymania.")
World Resources Institute. 1994. World Resources 1994-95. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. An excellent source of data and analysis of world resources. This edition has a special section on international nongovernmental organizations.

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