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Environmental Science: A Global Concern 5/e Cunningham/Saigo | |||||
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Chapter Key Terms |
Chapter 22: Sustainable Energy |
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active solar system |
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A mechanical system that actively collects, concentrates, and stores solar energy. |
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cogeneration |
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The simultaneous production of electricity and steam or hot water in the same plant. |
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energy efficiency |
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A measure of energy produced compared to energy consumed. |
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eutectic chemicals |
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Phase-changing chemicals used in heat storage systems to store a large amount of energy in a small volume. |
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gasohol |
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A mixture of gasoline and ethanol. |
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geothermal energy |
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Energy drawn from the internal heat of the earth, either through geysers, fumaroles, hot springs, or other natural geothermal features, or through deep wells that pump heated groundwater. |
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low-head hydropower |
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Small-scale hydro technology that can extract energy from small headwater dams; causes much less ecological damage. |
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micro-hydro generators |
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Small power generators that can be used in low-level rivers to provide economical power for four to six homes, freeing them from dependence on large utilities and foreign energy supplies. |
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net energy yield |
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Total useful energy produced during the lifetime of an entire energy system minus the energy used, lost, or wasted in making useful energy available. |
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ocean thermal electric conversion (OTEC) |
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Energy derived from temperature differentials. |
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passive heat absorption |
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The use of natural materials or absorptive structures without moving parts to gather and hold heat; the simplest and oldest use of solar energy. |
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photovoltaic cell |
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An energy-conversion device that captures solar energy and directly converts it to electrical current. |
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run-of-the-river flow |
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Ordinary river flow not accelerated by dams, flumes, etc. Some small, modern, high-efficiency turbines can generate useful power with run-of-the-river flow or with a current of only a few kilometers per hour. |
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tidal station |
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A dam built across a narrow bay or estuary traps tide water flowing both in and out of the bay. Water flowing through the dam spins turbines attached to electric generators. |
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wind farms |
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Large numbers of windmills concentrated in a single area; usually owned by a utility or large-scale energy producer. |
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