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Table of Contents

Table of Contents iii

Author’s Preface.. vii
About Digital Zoology ... vii
The Student Workbook. vii
The CD-ROM viii
A Note to Students viii
A Note to Instructors ix
A Selected Bibliography ................... ix
A Special Thank-you x

A Guide to Using the Digital Zoology CD-ROM..... xi
Digital Zoology CD-ROM Components ................... xi
Taxon information box......... xi
Interactive cladograms xii
Laboratory modules xii
Drag-and-drop quizzes.............. xiii
Navigation xiii
Buttons... xiii
Menus.... xiv

Digital Zoology Version 1.0 CD-ROM Correlation Chart..... xv

Protozoans. 1
Inside Digital Zoology ..... 1
Defining Differences 1
Unicellular “animals” 1
Specialized organelles 2
Cilia, flagella, and pseudopodia.............. 3
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology - Protozoans 4
Sarcodina: Amoebas 4
Mastigophorans: Flagellates 4
Ciliophora: Ciliates... 5
Apicomplexa: Plasmodium................ 5
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill Zoology Titles ........ 6
Structures Checklist . 7
Sarcodines - slides and/or wet mounts... 7
Mastigophorans - slides and/or wet mounts... 7
Ciliates - slides and/or wet mounts... 8
Malaria...... 8
Crossword Puzzle – Protozoans 9

Porifera... 11
Inside Digital Zoology .. 11
Defining Differences .................. 11
Cellular grade of organization.............. 11
Totipotent cells...... 11
Choanocytes 12
Aquiferous system.. 12
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology - Porifera . 13
Leucosolenia 13
Grantia or Scypha. 13
Other sponges, spicules, and gemmules... 14
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill Zoology Titles ...... 14
Structures Checklist 14
Asconoid sponge: Leucosolenia............ 14
Syconoid sponge: Grantia or Scypha. 15
Sponges, spicules and gemmules... 15
Crossword Puzzle – Porifera . 16
Self Test - Porifera . 18

Cnidaria... 19
Inside Digital Zoology .. 19
Defining Differences .................. 19
Radially symmetric.. 19
Diploblastic tissue-grade organization.............. 20
Cnidocytes 21
Incomplete gut........ 21
Hydrostatic skeleton 21
Dimorphic life cycle..... 22
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology - Cnidaria . 22
Hydrozoa: Obelia and Hydra.. 22
Scyphozoa: The jellyfish Aurelia. 23
Anthozoa: The anemone Metridium. 24
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill Zoology Titles ...... 25
Structures Checklist 25
Obelia..... 25
Hydra...... 25
Aurelia.... 26
Gonionemus. 26
Metridium 26
Crossword Puzzle - Cnidaria . 27
Self Test - Cnidaria . 29

Platyhelminthes......... 31
Inside Digital Zoology .. 31
Defining Differences .................. 31
Bilateral symmetry 31
Triploblast acoelomates.............. 32
Organ-grade organization.............. 32
Free-living and parasitic lifestyles 33
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology - Platyhelminthes ............. 34
Turbellaria: Free-living flatworms Dugesia and Bdelloura.. 34
Trematoda: Trematode flukes.... 35
Cestoda: Tapeworms 35
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill Zoology Titles ...... 36
Structures Checklist 37
Dugesia... 37
Bdelloura 37
Opisthorchis (Chlonorchis)........... 37
Fasciola.. 38
Paragonimus 38
Dipylidium or Taenia.. 38
Crossword Puzzle – Platyhelminthes ............. 39
Self Test - Platyhelminthes ............. 41

Nematoda 43
Inside Digital Zoology .. 43
Defining Differences .................. 43
Pseudocoelomates.... 43
Pseudocoel 44
Longitudinal muscles 45
Cuticle..... 45
Complete digestive tract...... 45
Amphids. 46
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology - Nematodes 46
Ascaris: Pig roundworm 46
Turbatrix: Vinegar eel. 47
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill Zoology Titles ...... 47
Structures Checklist 48
Ascaris. 48
Crossword Puzzle – Nematoda 49
Self Test – Nematoda 51

Annelida.. 53
Inside Digital Zoology .. 53
Defining Differences .................. 53
Metamerisation............ 53
Closed circulatory system.. 54
Burrowing - a new form of locomotion 54
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology – Annelids 55
Polychaeta: Nereid worm.............. 55
Oligochaeta: The earthworm.. 55
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill Zoology Titles ...... 56
Structures Checklist 57
Earthworm 57
Nereid worm. 58
Crossword puzzle – Annelida 59
Self Test - Annelida 61

Mollusca. 63
Inside Digital Zoology .. 63
Defining Differences .................. 63
Radula..... 63
Shell and mantle... 64
Ctenidia... 65
Ciliated visceral mass..... 65
Muscular foot.............. 65
Open circulatory system.. 66
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology - Molluscs 66
Bivalvia: Freshwater clam...... 66
Gastropoda: The snail 67
Cephalopoda: The squid.. 68
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill Zoology Titles ...... 70
Structures Checklist 71
Clam......... 71
Snail......... 72
Squid....... 72
Crossword Puzzle – Mollusca 73
Self Test - Mollusca 75

Arthropoda 77
Inside Digital Zoology .. 77
Defining Differences .................. 77
Tagmatization 77
Chitinous exoskeleton 78
Molting... 79
Muscle arranged in bands... 79
Jointed appendages 80
Compound eyes...... 80
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology - Arthropoda .................. 81
Crustacea: Crayfish and crab 81
Uniramia: Cockroach and grasshopper.............. 82
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill Zoology Titles ...... 83
Structures Checklist 84
Crayfish .. 84
Crab......... 85
Grasshopper and Cockroach. 85
Crossword Puzzle – Arthropoda .................. 86
Self Test - Arthropoda .................. 88

Echinodermata............ 89
Inside Digital Zoology .. 89
Defining Differences .................. 89
Pentaradiate symmetry 89
Tube feet and the water vascular system.. 90
Endoskeleton 90
Pedicellaria 91
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology - Echinodermata ............... 91
Sea star.... 91
Sea urchin and sand dollar.... 92
Brittle stars and basket stars...... 92
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill Zoology Titles ...... 93
Structures Checklist 93
Sea star.... 93
Sea urchin 94
Sand dollar 94
Brittle star 94
Crossword Puzzle — Echinodermata ............... 95
Self Test - Echinodermata ............... 97

Chordate Origins.. 99
Inside Digital Zoology .. 99
Defining Differences .................. 99
Notochord 99
Postanal segmentation.......... 100
Dorsal hollow nerve cord. 100
Pharyngeal gill slits 100
Paedomorphosis....... 100
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology - Chordate Origins 101
Balanoglossus: The acorn worm... 101
Urochordata: The tunicates.... 101
Branchiostoma: The lancelet or amphioxus. 102
Ammocoete larva.... 102
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill Zoology Titles .... 103
Structures Checklist ............... 103
The acorn worm... 103
Tunicates 104
Amphioxis..... 104
Ammocoete larva.... 105
Crossword Puzzle – Chordate Origins 106
Self Test – Chordate Origins 108

Jawed fishes............ 109
Inside Digital Zoology 109
Defining Differences ............... 109
Jaws....... 109
Gills........ 110
Paired and unpaired fins with a fusiform body... 111
Scales.... 111
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology - Jawed Fishes ............... 111
Chondrichthyes: Dogfish shark... 111
Osteichthyes: Perch.. 112
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill Zoology Titles .... 113
Structures Checklist ............... 114
Dogfish shark - external anatomy and skeltomuscular systems 114
Dogfish shark - Internal anatomy 115
Perch - External and internal anatomy 116
Crossword Puzzle - Jawed Fishes ............... 117
Self Test - Jawed Fishes ............... 119

Amphibia 121
Inside Digital Zoology 121
Defining Differences ............... 121
Transition to land..... 121
Tetrapod stance. 122
Strong bony skeleton 123
Double circuit circulatory system 123
Moist, glandular skin..... 123
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology - Amphibia 124
Necturus: The mudpuppy. 124
Rana: The grass frog.. 124
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill Zoology Titles .... 125
Structures Checklist ............... 126
Mudpuppy - External anatomy and skeletomuscular systems............ 126
Mudpuppy - Skeletal (cont.), and internal systems 127
Frog - Extrenal anatomy and skeletomuscular systems............ 128
Frog - Skeletal (cont.), and internal systems 129
Crossword Puzzle - Amphibia 130
Self Test - Amphibia 132

Mammalia 135
Inside Digital Zoology 135
Defining Differences ............... 135
Homeothermic endotherms 135
Hair........ 136
Glandular skin............ 136
Heterodent diphyodont dentition.... 137
Muscular diaphragm.. 137
Extended care of young.... 137
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology - Mammalia ............... 138
The fetal pig. 138
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill Zoology Titles .... 139
Structures Checklist ............... 140
Fetal Pig - External anatomy and muscular systems 140
Fetal Pig - Internal anatomy 141
Crossword Puzzle - Mammalia ............... 142
Self Test - Mammalia ............... 144

Glossary 147