After you have read and studied this chapter, you should be able to:

1. Explain Taylor’s scientific management.
2. Describe the Hawthorne studies and relate their significance to human-based management.
3. Identify the levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and relate their importance to employee motivation.
4. Differentiate among Theory X, Theory Y, and Theory Z.
5. Distinguish between the motivators and hygiene factors identified by Herzberg.
6. Explain how job enrichment affects employee motivation and performance.
7. Identify the steps involved in implementing a management by objectives (MBO) program.
8. Explain the key factors involved in expectancy theory.
9. Examine the key principles of equity theory.
10. Explain how open communication builds teamwork, and describe how managers are likely to motivate teams in the future.