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To view the main topics covered in any one of the
18 sections in the Gregg manual, click the title of the section.
To view the subtopics under each main topic, click the title of the main
topic.
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- How to Look Things Up
- PART 1: Grammar, Usage, and Style
- SECTION 1. Punctuation: Major Marks
- The Period (¶¶101-109)
- At the End of a Statement or Command (¶¶101-102)
- At the End of a Polite Request or Command (¶103)
- At the End of an Indirect Question (¶104)
- With Decimals (¶105)
- In Outlines and Displayed Lists (¶¶106-107)
- With Headings (¶108)
- A Few Don’ts (¶109)
- The Question Mark (¶¶110-118)
- To Indicate Direct Questions (¶¶110-113)
- To Indicate Questions Within Sentences (¶¶114-117)
- To Express Doubt (¶118)
- The Exclamation Point (¶¶119-121)
- To Express Strong Feeling (¶¶119-120)
- With Oh and O (¶121)
- The Comma (¶¶122-175)
- Basic Rules for Commas That Set Off (¶122)
- Basic Rules for Commas That Separate (¶¶123-125)
- With Clauses in Compound Sentences (¶¶126-129)
- With Clauses in Complex Sentences (¶¶130-132)
- Introductory Dependent Clauses (¶130)
- Dependent Clauses Elsewhere in the Sentence (¶¶131-132)
- With Clauses in Compound-Complex Sentences (¶¶133-134)
- With Participial, Infinitive, and Prepositional Phrases (¶¶135-137)
- Introductory Phrases (¶135)
- Phrases at the Beginning of a Clause (¶136)
- Phrases Elsewhere in the Sentence (¶137)
- With Transitional Expressions and Independent Comments (¶¶138-143)
- At the Beginning of a Sentence (¶139)
- At the End of a Sentence (¶140)
- Within the Sentence (¶141)
- At the Beginning of a Clause (¶142)
- With the Adverb Too (¶143)
- With Interruptions and Afterthoughts (¶144)
- With Direct Address (¶145)
- With Additional Considerations (¶146)
- With Contrasting Expressions (¶147)
- With Identifying, Appositive, or Explanatory Expressions
(¶¶148-152)
- With Residence and Business Connections (¶153)
- In Dates (¶¶154-155)
- With Jr., Sr., Etc. (¶¶156-158)
- With Inc. and Ltd. (¶159)
- In Geographic References and Addresses (¶¶160-161)
- In a Series (¶¶162-167)
- With Adjectives (¶¶168-171)
- To Indicate Omitted Words (¶172)
- To Indicate Unusual Word Order (¶173)
- For Special Emphasis (¶174)
- For Clarity (¶175)
- The Semicolon (¶¶176-186)
- Between Independent Clauses—And, But,
Or, or Nor Omitted (¶176)
- Between Independent Clauses—And, But,
Or, or Nor Included (¶177)
- With Transitional Expressions (¶¶178-180)
- With For Example, Namely, That Is,
Etc. (¶¶181-183)
- Before an Independent Clause (¶181)
- At the End of a Sentence (¶182)
- Within a Sentence (¶183)
- In a Series (¶¶184-185)
- With Dependent Clauses (¶186)
- The Colon (¶¶187-199)
- Between Independent Clauses (¶187)
- Before Lists and Enumerations (¶¶188-191)
- In Expressions of Time and Proportions (¶¶192-193)
- In Business Documents (¶194)
- In References to Books or Publications (¶195)
- Capitalizing After a Colon (¶¶196-199)
- SECTION 2. Punctuation: Other Marks
- The Dash (¶¶201-217)
- In Place of Commas (¶¶201-203)
- In Place of a Semicolon (¶204)
- In Place of a Colon (¶205)
- In Place of Parentheses (¶206)
- To Indicate an Abrupt Break or an Afterthought (¶¶207-208)
- To Show Hesitation (¶209)
- To Emphasize Single Words (¶210)
- With Repetitions, Restatements, and Summarizing Words (¶211)
- Before Attributions (¶212)
- Punctuation Preceding an Opening Dash (¶213)
- Punctuation Preceding a Closing Dash (¶214)
- Punctuation Following a Closing Dash (¶215)
- Typing Dashes (¶¶216-217)
- Parentheses (¶¶218-226)
- With Explanatory Material (¶¶218-219)
- With References (¶220)
- With Dates (¶221)
- With Enumerated Items (¶¶222-223)
- Parenthetical Items Within Sentences (¶224)
- Parenthetical Items at the End of Sentences (¶225)
- Parenthetical Items as Separate Sentences (¶226)
- Quotation Marks (¶¶227-284)
- With Direct Quotations (¶¶227-234)
- For Special Emphasis (¶¶235-241)
- With Titles of Literary and Artistic Works (¶¶242-244)
- Quotations Within Quotations (¶¶245-246)
- With Periods and Commas (¶247)
- With Semicolons and Colons (¶248)
- With Question Marks and Exclamation Points (¶249)
- With Dashes (¶250)
- With Parentheses (¶251)
- Punctuating Quotations That Stand Alone (¶252)
- Punctuating Quotations That Begin a Sentence (¶¶253-255)
- Punctuating Quotations That End a Sentence (¶¶256-258)
- Punctuating Quotations Within a Sentence (¶¶259-261)
- Punctuating Quoted Sentences With Interrupting Expressions
(¶¶262-263)
- Punctuating Long Quotations (¶¶264-265)
- Quoting Letters (¶266)
- Quoting Poetry (¶¶267-268)
- Quoting Dialogues and Conversations (¶¶269-270)
- Style in Quoted Material (¶271)
- Capitalization in Quoted Material (¶¶272-273)
- Aligning Quotation Marks (¶274)
- Omissions in Quoted Material (¶¶275-281)
- Insertions in Quoted Material (¶¶282-284)
- Italics and Underlining (¶¶285-290)
- For Special Emphasis (¶¶285-288)
- With Titles of Literary and Artistic Works (¶289)
- Guidelines for Italics and Underlining (¶290)
- Other Marks of Punctuation (¶¶291-298)
- Ellipsis Marks (. . .) (¶291)
- The Asterisk (*) (¶¶292-293)
- The Diagonal (/) (¶¶294-295)
- Brackets ([ ]) (¶296)
- Angle Brackets (< >) (¶297)
- The Apostrophe (’) (¶298)
- Spacing With Punctuation Marks (¶299)
- SECTION 3. Capitalization
- Basic Rules (¶¶301-310)
- First Words (¶¶30l-302)
- Proper Nouns (¶¶303-306)
- Common Nouns (¶¶307-310)
- Special Rules (¶¶311-366)
- Personal Names (¶311)
- Titles With Personal Names (¶¶312-317)
- Family Titles (¶¶318-319)
- Names of Organizations (¶¶320-324)
- Names of Government Bodies (¶¶325-330)
- Names of Places (¶¶331-337)
- Points of the Compass (¶¶338-341)
- Days of the Week, Months, Holidays, Seasons, Events, Periods
(¶¶342-345)
- Acts, Laws, Bills, Treaties (¶346)
- Programs, Movements, Concepts (¶347)
- Races, Peoples, Languages (¶348)
- Religious References (¶¶349-350)
- Celestial Bodies (¶351)
- Course Titles, Subjects, Academic Degrees (¶¶352-354)
- Commercial Products (¶¶355-356)
- Business Terms and Titles (¶357)
- Legal Documents (¶358)
- Nouns With Numbers or Letters (¶359)
- Titles of Literary and Artistic Works; Headings (¶¶360-362)
- Hyphenated Words (¶363)
- Awards and Medals (¶364)
- Computer Terminology (¶365)
- Intercaps (¶366)
- SECTION 4. Numbers
- Basic Rules (¶¶401-406)
- Figure Style (¶¶401-403)
- Word Style (¶¶404-406)
- Special Rules (¶¶407-470)
- Dates (¶¶407-412)
- Money (¶¶413-420)
- At the Beginning of a Sentence (¶¶421-422)
- Indefinite Numbers and Amounts (¶423)
- Ordinal Numbers (¶¶424-426)
- Fractions (¶¶427-428)
- Fractions Standing Alone (¶427)
- Fractions in Mixed Numbers (¶428)
- Measurements (¶¶429-432)
- Ages and Anniversaries (¶¶433-435)
- Periods of Time (¶¶436-439)
- Clock Time (¶¶440-442)
- With a.m., p.m., Noon,
and Midnight (¶440)
- With O’Clock (¶441)
- Without a.m., p.m.,
or O’Clock (¶442)
- Decimals (¶¶443-446)
- Percentages (¶¶447-449)
- Ratios and Proportions (¶450)
- Scores and Voting Results (¶451)
- Numbers Referred to as Numbers (¶452)
- Figures With Abbreviations and Symbols (¶453)
- Telephone Numbers (¶454)
- No. or # With Figures (¶455)
- Adjacent Numbers (¶¶456-457)
- Numbers in a Sequence (¶¶458-460)
- Expressing Numbers in Figures (¶¶461-464)
- Expressing Numbers in Words (¶¶465-467)
- Expressing Numbers in Roman Numerals (¶¶468-469)
- Expressing Large Numbers in Abbreviated Form (¶470)
- SECTION 5. Abbreviations
- Basic Rules (¶¶501-514)
- When to Use Abbreviations (¶¶501-505)
- Punctuation and Spacing With Abbreviations (¶¶506-513)
- Capitalization (¶514)
- Special Rules (¶¶515-550)
- Personal Names and Initials (¶¶515-516)
- Abbreviations With Personal Names (¶¶517-518)
- Academic Degrees, Religious Orders, and Professional Designations
(¶519)
- Names of Organizations (¶¶520-521)
- Acronyms (¶522)
- Names of Broadcasting Stations and Systems (¶523)
- Names of Government and International Agencies (¶¶524-525)
- Geographic Names (¶¶526-529)
- Compass Points (¶¶530-531)
- Days and Months (¶532)
- Time and Time Zones (¶¶533-534)
- Customary Measurements (¶¶535-536)
- Metric Measurements (¶¶537-538)
- Chemical and Mathematical Expressions (¶¶539-540)
- Business Expressions (¶¶541-542)
- Symbols (¶543)
- Computer Abbreviations (¶544)
- Foreign Expressions (¶545)
- Miscellaneous Expressions (¶¶546-550)
- SECTION 6. Plurals and Possessives
- Forming Plurals (¶¶601-626)
- Basic Rule (¶601)
- Nouns Ending in S, X, CH, SH,
or Z (¶¶602-603)
- Nouns Ending in Y (¶¶604-605)
- Nouns Ending in O (¶¶606-607)
- Nouns Ending in F, FE, or FF
(¶608)
- Nouns With Irregular Plurals (¶¶609-610)
- Compound Nouns (¶¶611-613)
- Foreign Nouns (¶614)
- Proper Names (¶¶615-617)
- Titles With Personal Names (¶618)
- Abbreviations, Letters, Numbers, Words, and Symbols (¶¶619-625)
- Plural Endings in Parentheses (¶626)
- Forming Possessives (¶¶627-652)
- Possession Versus Description (¶¶627-629)
- Singular Nouns (¶¶630-631)
- Plural Nouns (¶¶632-633)
- Compound Nouns (¶¶634-635)
- Pronouns (¶¶636-637)
- Abbreviations (¶638)
- Personal, Organizational, and Product Names (¶¶639-640)
- Nouns in Apposition (¶641)
- Separate and Joint Possession (¶¶642-643)
- Possessives Standing Alone (¶644)
- Inanimate Possessives (¶¶645-646)
- Possessives Preceding Verbal Nouns (¶647)
- Possessives in Of Phrases (¶648)
- Possessives Modifying Possessives (¶649)
- Possessives in Holidays (¶650)
- Possessives in Place Names (¶651)
- Miscellaneous Expressions (¶652)
- SECTION 7. Spelling
- Spelling Guides (¶¶701-718)
- When a Final Consonant Is Doubled (¶¶701-702)
- When a Final Consonant Is Not Doubled (¶¶703-706)
- Final Silent E (¶¶707-709)
- When Final Y Is Changed to I (¶¶710-711)
- EI and IE Words (¶712)
- Words Ending in ABLE and IBLE (¶713)
- Words Ending in ANT, ANCE, ENT,
and ENCE (¶714)
- Words Ending in IZE, ISE, and YZE
(¶715)
- Words Ending in CEDE, CEED, and SEDE
(¶716)
- Words Ending in C (¶717)
- Words With Diacritical Marks (¶718)
- Words That Sound Alike or Look Alike (¶719)
- Troublesome Words (¶720)
- SECTION 8. Compound Words
- Compound Nouns (¶¶801-810)
- Compound Verbs (¶¶811-812)
- Compound Adjectives (¶¶813-832)
- Basic Rules (¶¶813-815)
- Adjective + Noun (as in short-term note:
¶816)
- Compound With Number or Letter (as in 40-hour week:
¶817)
- Compound Noun (as in high school graduate:
¶818)
- Proper Name (as in Madison Avenue agencies:
¶819)
- Noun + Adjective (as in tax-free imports:
¶820)
- Noun + Participle (as in time-consuming details:
¶821)
- Adjective + Participle (as in nice-looking layout:
¶822)
- Adjective + Noun + ED (as in quick-witted assistant:
¶823)
- Adverb + Participle (as in privately owned stock
and as in well-known facts: ¶824)
- Adverb + Adjective (as in very exciting test
results: ¶825)
- Participle + Adverb (as in warmed-over ideas:
¶826)
- Adjective + Adjective (as in annual financial statement:
¶827)
- Verb + Verb (as in stop-and-go traffic:
¶828)
- Verb + Adverb (as in read-only memory:
¶829)
- Verb + Noun (as in take-home pay: ¶830)
- Phrasal Compound (as in up-to-date accounts:
¶831)
- Suspending Hyphen (¶832)
- Prefixes and Suffixes (¶¶833-846)
- Compound Computer Terms (¶847)
- Sometimes One Word, Sometimes Two Words (¶848)
- SECTION 9. Word Division
- Basic Rules (¶¶901-906)
- Preferred Practices (¶¶907-918)
- Breaks Within Word Groups (¶¶919-920)
- Guides to Correct Syllabication (¶¶921-922)
- SECTION 10. Grammar
- Subjects and Verbs (¶¶1001-1029)
- Basic Rule of Agreement (¶1001)
- Subjects Joined by And (¶1002)
- Subjects Joined by Or or Similar Connectives (¶¶1003-1005)
- Intervening Phrases and Clauses (¶¶1006-1007)
- One of . . . (¶1008)
- Indefinite Pronouns Always Singular (¶¶1009-1011)
- Indefinite Pronouns Always Plural (¶1012)
- Indefinite Pronouns Singular or Plural (¶1013)
- Nouns Ending in S (¶¶1014-1016)
- Nouns Ending in ICS (¶1017)
- Nouns With Foreign Plurals (¶1018)
- Collective Nouns (¶1019)
- Organizational Names (¶1020)
- Geographic Names (¶1021)
- Names of Publications and Products (¶1022)
- The Number and A Number (¶1023)
- Expressions of Time, Money, and Quantity (¶1024)
- Fractional Expressions (¶1025)
- Phrases and Clauses as Subjects (¶1026)
- Subjects in Inverted Sentences (¶¶1027-1028)
- Subjects and Predicate Complements (¶1029)
- Verbs (¶¶1030-1048)
- Principal Parts (¶1030)
- Forming Verb Tenses (¶¶1031-1035)
- Passive Forms (¶¶1036-1037)
- Verbs Following Clauses of Necessity, Demand, Etc. (¶1038)
- Verbs Following Wish Clauses (¶1039)
- Verbs in If Clauses (¶¶1040-1041)
- Verbs in As If or As Though Clauses (¶¶1042-1043)
- Infinitives (¶¶1044-1046)
- Sequence of Tenses (¶1047)
- Omitting Parts of Verbs (¶1048)
- Troublesome Verbs
- Pronouns (¶¶1049-1064)
- Agreement With Antecedents: Basic Rules (¶1049)
- Agreement With Common-Gender Antecedents (¶¶1050-1052)
- Agreement With Indefinite-Pronoun Antecedents (¶1053)
- Personal Pronouns (¶¶1054-1059)
- Nominative Forms of Personal Pronouns (¶1054)
- Objective Forms of Personal Pronouns (¶1055)
- Possessive Forms of Personal Pronouns (¶1056)
- Compound Personal Pronouns (¶1060)
- Interrogative and Relative Pronouns (¶¶1061-1063)
- Who and Whom; Whoever and Whomever
(¶1061)
- Who, Which, and That (¶1062)
- Whose and Who’s (¶1063)
- Pronouns With To Be (¶1064)
- Troublesome Pronouns
- Adjectives and Adverbs (¶¶1065-1073)
- Problems of Comparison (¶¶1071-1073)
- Troublesome Adjectives and Adverbs
- Negatives (¶¶1074-1076)
- Prepositions (¶¶1077-1080)
- Words Requiring Certain Prepositions (¶1077)
- Superfluous Prepositions (¶1078)
- Necessary Prepositions (¶1079)
- Prepositions at the End of Sentences (¶1080)
- Troublesome Prepositions
- Sentence Structure (¶¶1081-1088)
- Parallel Structure (¶1081)
- Dangling Constructions (¶¶1082-1085)
- Misplaced Modifiers (¶¶1086-1087)
- Run-On Sentences (¶1088)
- SECTION 11. Usage
- A-An
- A-Of
- A Lot-Alot-Allot
- Above
- Accidentally
- A.D.-B.C.
- Additionally
- Ado-Adieu
- Adverse-Averse
- Affect-Effect
- Afterward-Afterwards
- Age-Aged-At the Age of
- Aggravate
- Ain’t
- All of
- All Right
- Allude-Refer
- Almost-All Most
- Already-All Ready
- Altogether-All Together
- Always-All Ways
- Amount-Number
- And
- And Etc.
- And/Or
- Another
- Anxious-Eager
- Anymore-Any More
- Anyone-Any One
- Anytime-Any Time
- Anyway-Any Way
- Appraise-Apprise
- Appreciate
- As
- As . . . as-Not so . . . as
- As Far as
- At-About
- Attorney-Lawyer
- Author
- Awhile-A While
- Backward-Backwards
- Bad-Badly
- Balance
- Beg the Question
- Being That
- Beside-Besides
- Between-Among
- Between You and Me
- Biannual-Biennial-Semiannual
- Biweekly-Bimonthly
- Both-Each
- Both Alike-Both Equal-Both
- Together
- Bring-Take
- But . . . However
- But What
- Cannot Help but
- Celebrity-Notoriety
- Classic-Classical
- Come-Go
- Come to-Come and
- Compare to-Compare With
- Complement-Compliment
- Complementary-Complimentary
- Comprise-Compose
- Consensus
- Consists of-Includes
- Convince-Persuade
- Could Not Care Less
- Data
- Déjà Vu
- Dialogue
- Different-Differently
- Different From-Different Than
- Dilemma
- Disc-Disk
- Disinterested-Uninterested
- Done
- Don’t (Do Not)
- Doubt That-Doubt Whether
- Due to-Because of-On Account of
- Each-Either-Both
- Each Other-One Another
- Economic-Economical
- Emeritus-Emerita
- Enormity
- Ensure-Insure-Assure
- Enthused Over
- Entitled-Titled
- Equally-As
- Etc.
- Ethnic References
- Everyday-Every Day
- Everyone-Every One
- Ex-Former
- Except
- Farther-Further
- Fewer-Less
- Firm-Company-Corporation
- First-Firstly, etc.
- Fiscal-Financial
- Flammable-Inflammable
- Former-First
- Fortuitous-Fortunate
- From-Off
- Fulsome
- Gender-Sex
- Good-Well
- Graduated-Was Graduated
- Grow
- Had Better
- Hardly
- Healthy-Healthful
- Help
- Historic-Historical
- Hoi Polloi
- Home-Hone
- Hopefully
- However
- If-Whether
- Impact
- Imply-Infer
- In-Into-In to
- In Behalf of-On Behalf of
- In Regards to
- Incentivize-Incent
- Incidentally
- Incredible-Incredulous
- Indifferent-In Different
- Indirect-In Direct
- Individual-Party-Person-People
- Intents-Intense
- Irregardless
- Is Where-Is When
- Its-It’s
- It’s Me
- Journal
- Kind
- Kind of-Sort of
- Kind of a
- Kudos
- Last-Latest
- Latter-Last
- Lay-Lie
- Learn-Teach
- Leave-Let
- Lend-Loan
- Like-As-As if
- Like-Such as
- Literally
- Livid
- Look Forward to
- Maiden Name
- Majority-Plurality
- Masterly-Masterful
- May-Can (Might-Could)
- Maybe-May Be
- Media
- More
- More Important-More Importantly
- More Than-Over
- Most
- Nobody-No Body
- None-No One
- Of-Have
- Off
- On-Onto-On to
- On-Upon-Up on
- Only
- Opposite
- Parameter
- Per-A
- Percent-Percentage
- Period Ended-Period Ending
- Plus
- Preventive-Preventative
- Principle-Principal
- Proved-Proven
- Rack-Wrack
- Raise-Rise
- Real-Really
- Reason Is Because
- Reluctant-Reticent
- Retroactive to
- Said
- Same
- Scarcely
- Scots-Scottish-Scotch
- Serve-Service
- Set-Sit
- Shall-Will
- Should-Would
- Since
- So-So That
- Someday-Some Day
- Someone-Some One
- Sometime-Sometimes-Some Time
- Supposed to
- Sure-Surely
- Sure and
- Tack-Tact
- Than-Then
- That
- That-Which-Who
- Therefore
- These Sort-These Kind
- Toward-Towards
- Try and
- Type-Key
- Unique
- Up
- Used to
- Verbal
- Very
- Vicious Circle
- Ways
- Whatever-What Ever
- Where-That
- Which
- While
- Who-Which-That
- Who-Whom
- Whoever-Who Ever
- Wise
- Would Have
- PART 2: Techniques and Formats
- SECTION 12. Editing and Proofreading
- Editing and Proofreading Guidelines (¶¶1201-1206)
- The Editing and Proofreading Process (¶1201)
- What to Look For When Proofreading (¶1202)
- What to Look For When Editing (¶1203)
- Editing and Proofreading at the Computer (¶1204)
- Using a Spell Checker and a Grammar Checker (¶1205)
- Proofreaders’ Marks (¶1206)
- SECTION 13. Letters, Memos, and E-Mail
- Letters (¶¶1301-1366)
- Parts of Letters (¶1301)
- Establishing a Format (¶1302)
- Stationery Sizes (¶1303)
- Letter Placement (¶¶1304-1307)
- Top Margin (¶1304)
- Side Margins (¶1305)
- Bottom Margin (¶1306)
- Adjusting the Length of a Letter (¶1307)
- Punctuation Patterns (¶1308)
- Spacing (¶1309)
- Letterhead or Return Address (¶¶1310-1312)
- Using a Letterhead (¶1310)
- Designing a Letterhead (¶1311)
- Using a Return Address (¶1312)
- Date Line (¶1313)
- Personal or Confidential Notation (¶1314)
- Reference Notation (¶1315)
- Inside Address (¶¶1316-1319)
- Letters to an Individual (¶1316)
- Letters to an Organization (¶¶1317-1319)
- Name of Person and Title (¶¶1320-1324)
- In Care of . . . (¶1325)
- Name of Organization (¶1326)
- Building Name; Room, Suite, or Floor Number (¶1327)
- Street Address (¶¶1328-1330)
- Box Number (¶1331)
- City, State, and ZIP Code (¶¶1332-1335)
- International Address (¶1336)
- Attention Line (¶1337)
- Salutation (¶¶1338-1341)
- Subject Line (¶¶1342-1343)
- Message (¶¶1344-1345)
- Complimentary Closing (¶1346)
- Company Signature (¶1347)
- Writer’s Signature Block (¶¶1348-1354)
- Reference Initials (¶1355)
- File Name Notation (¶¶1356-1357)
- Enclosure Notation (¶1358)
- Delivery Notation (¶1359)
- Confirmation Notation (¶1360)
- Copy Notation (¶¶1361-1364)
- Postscript (¶1365)
- Continuation Pages (¶1366)
- Envelopes (¶¶1367-1370)
- Selecting the Right Size (¶1367)
- Addressing Envelopes (¶¶1368-1369)
- The Inside-Address Style (¶1368)
- The All-Cap Style (¶1369)
- Folding and Inserting Letters (¶1370)
- Social-Business Correspondence (¶¶1371-1372)
- Memos (¶¶1373-1374)
- E-Mail (¶¶1375-1389)
- The Nature of E-Mail (¶¶1375-1377)
- E-Mail Netiquette (¶1378)
- Filling In the Heading (¶¶1379-1380)
- The Recipients (¶1379)
- The Subject Line (¶1380)
- Composing the Message (¶¶1381-1384)
- The Salutation (¶1381)
- The Message (¶1382)
- The Closing (¶1383)
- The Writer’s Signature Block (¶1384)
- Sending Attachments (¶1385)
- Responding to Messages (¶¶1386-1387)
- Forwarding Messages (¶1388)
- Saving Messages (¶1389)
- SECTION 14. Reports and Manuscripts
- Reports (¶¶1401-1431)
- Establishing a Format (¶1401)
- Parts of a Formal Report (¶1402)
- Parts of an Informal Report (¶1403)
- Margins (¶¶1404-1406)
- Side Margins (¶1404)
- Top and Bottom Margins of Opening Pages (¶1405)
- Top and Bottom Margins of Other Pages (¶1406)
- Handling Page Breaks on a Computer (¶1407)
- Shortening a Long Report (¶1408)
- Informal Business Reports (¶¶1409-1410)
- Informal Academic Reports (¶1411)
- The Front Matter of Formal Reports (¶¶1412-1420)
- Title Page (¶1412)
- Letter or Memo of Transmittal (¶1413)
- Table of Contents (¶¶1414-1415)
- List of Tables or Illustrations (¶¶1416-1417)
- Preface or Foreword (¶1418)
- Summary (¶1419)
- Numbering Front Matter Pages (¶1420)
- The Body of Formal Reports (¶¶1421-1427)
- Introduction (¶1421)
- Part-Title Pages (¶1422)
- Chapter-Opening Pages (¶1423)
- Text Spacing and Indentions (¶1424)
- Text Headings (¶¶1425-1426)
- Numbering Text Pages (¶1427)
- The Back Matter of Formal Reports (¶¶1428-1431)
- Appendixes (¶1429)
- Endnotes and Bibliography (¶1430)
- Glossary (¶1431)
- Manuscripts (¶¶1432-1437)
- Preparing Manuscript for an Article (¶¶1432-1433)
- Preparing Manuscript for a Book (¶¶1434-1435)
- Precautions for All Manuscripts (¶¶1436-1437)
- SECTION 15. Notes and Bibliographies
- Footnotes, Endnotes, and Textnotes (¶¶1501-1507)
- Functions of Notes (¶1501)
- Text References to Footnotes or Endnotes (¶1502)
- Footnotes (¶¶1503-1504)
- Endnotes (¶¶1505-1506)
- Textnotes (¶1507)
- Notes Based on Online Sources (¶¶1508-1512)
- Dealing With URLs (¶1508)
- Dealing With E-Mail Addresses (¶1509)
- Dividing Online Addresses (¶1510)
- Making Use of Online Sources (¶1511)
- Avoiding Plagiarism (¶1512)
- Constructing Source Reference Notes (¶¶1513-1544)
- Patterns of Source Reference Notes (¶¶1513-1535)
- Book Title: Basic Pattern (¶1513)
- Book Title: With Edition Number (¶1514)
- Book Title: With Subtitle (¶1515)
- Book Title: With Volume Number and Volume Title (¶1516)
- Book Title: With Volume Number Alone (¶1517)
- Book Title: With Chapter Reference (¶1518)
- Selection From Collected Works of One Author (¶1519)
- Selection in Anthology (¶1520)
- Article in Reference Work (¶1521)
- Article in Newspaper (¶1522)
- Article in Magazine or Journal (¶1523)
- Quotation From a CD-ROM (¶1524)
- Newsletter, Bulletin, Pamphlet, or Monograph (¶1525)
- Unpublished Dissertation or Thesis (¶1526)
- Quotation From a Secondary Source (¶1527)
- Personal Interview or Conversation (¶1528)
- Television or Radio Interview (¶1529)
- Speech (¶1530)
- Paper Read at Meeting (¶1531)
- Report (¶1532)
- Letter, Memo, or E-Mail Message (¶1533)
- Independent Internet Document (¶1534)
- Message Posted on Internet Forum, Newsgroup, or Listserv
(¶1535)
- Elements of Source Reference Notes (¶¶1536-1542)
- Note Number (¶1536)
- Names of Authors (¶1537)
- Title of the Work (¶1538)
- Publisher’s Name (¶1539)
- Place of Publication (¶1540)
- Date of Publication (¶1541)
- Page Numbers (¶1542)
- Subsequent References (¶¶1543-1544)
- Bibliographies (¶¶1545-1549)
- SECTION 16. Tables
- Using the Software Table Feature (¶¶1601-1608)
- Locating Tables Within the Text (¶¶1609-1611)
- Locating Tables on Separate Pages (¶¶1612-1615)
- Centering Tables (¶1616)
- Table Identification (¶¶1617-1620)
- Column Heads (¶¶1621-1624)
- Braced Column Heads (¶1623)
- Crossheads (¶1624)
- Table Text (¶¶1625-1633)
- Spacing (¶1625)
- Items Consisting of Words (¶1626)
- Items Consisting of Figures (¶1627)
- Items Consisting of Figures and Words (¶1628)
- Amounts of Money (¶1629)
- Percentages (¶1630)
- Special Treatment of Figures in Tables (¶1631)
- Leaders (¶1632)
- Accounting for Omitted Items (¶1633)
- Table Notes (¶¶1634-1636)
- Dealing With Long Tables (¶¶1637-1639)
- Dealing With Wide Tables (¶¶1640-1641)
- Converting Tables Into Charts and Graphs (¶1642)
- SECTION 17. Other Business Documents
- General Format Considerations (¶¶1701-1702)
- Margins (¶1701)
- Headings (¶1702)
- Executive Documents (¶¶1703-1707)
- Agendas (¶1703)
- Minutes (¶1704)
- Itineraries (¶1705)
- Fax Cover Sheets (¶1706)
- News Releases (¶1707)
- Résumés (¶¶1708-1713)
- Preparing a Résumé (¶1708)
- Choosing a Standard Format (¶1709)
- Formatting a Scannable Résumé (¶¶1710-1713)
- Other Employment Documents (¶¶1714-1717)
- General Guidelines (¶1714)
- Application Letters (¶1715)
- Follow-Up Letters (¶1716)
- Acceptance Letters (¶1717)
- Outlines (¶¶1718-1723)
- Guidelines for Designing Forms (¶¶1724-1725)
- SECTION 18. Forms of Address
- Individuals (¶1801)
- Man With Personal Title (¶1801a)
- Woman—Personal Title Preference Known (¶1801b)
- Woman—Personal Title Preference Unknown (¶1801c)
- Individual—Name Known, Gender Unknown (¶1801d)
- Individual—Name Unknown, Gender Known (¶1801e)
- Individual—Name and Gender Unknown (¶1801f)
- Two Men (¶1801g)
- Two Women (¶1801h)
- Woman and Man—No Personal Relationship (¶1801i)
- Couples (¶1802)
- Married Couple With Same Surname—No Special Titles
(¶1802a)
- Married Couple With Same Surname—Husband Has Special
Title (¶1802b)
- Married Couple With Same Surname—Wife Has Special
Title (¶1802c)
- Married Couple With Same Surname—Both Have Special
Titles (¶1802d)
- Married Couple With Different Surnames (¶1802e)
- Married Couple With Hyphenated Surname (¶1802f)
- Unmarried Couple Living Together (¶1802g)
- Organizations (¶1803)
- Organization of Women and Men (¶1803a)
- Organization of Women(¶1803b)
- Organization of Men (¶1803c)
- Professionals (¶1804)
- Lawyers (¶1804a)
- Physicians and Others With Doctor’s Degrees (¶1804b)
- Education Officials (¶1805)
- President of College or University (¶1805a)
- Dean of College or University (¶1805b)
- Professor (¶1805c)
- Superintendent of Schools (¶1805d)
- Member of Board of Education (¶1805e)
- Principal (¶1805f)
- Teacher (¶1805g)
- Government Officials (¶1806)
- President of the United States (¶1806a)
- Vice President of the United States (¶1806b)
- Cabinet Member (¶1806c)
- United States Senator (¶1806d)
- United States Representative (¶1806e)
- Chief Justice of the United States (¶1806f)
- Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (¶1806g)
- Judge of Federal, State, or Local Court (¶1806h)
- Governor (¶1806i)
- State Senator (¶1806j)
- State Representative or Assembly Member (¶1806k)
- Mayor (¶1806l)
- Council Member or Commissioner (¶1806m)
- Diplomats (¶1807)
- Secretary-General of the United Nations (¶1807a)
- Ambassador to the United States (¶1807b)
- Minister to the United States (¶1807c)
- American Ambassador (¶1807d)
- Members of the Armed Services (¶1808)
- Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps Officer (¶1808a)
- Navy or Coast Guard Officer (¶1808b)
- Enlisted Person (¶1808c)
- Roman Catholic Dignitaries (¶1809)
- Pope (¶1809a)
- Cardinal (¶1809b)
- Archbishop or Bishop (¶1809c)
- Monsignor (¶1809d)
- Priest (¶1809e)
- Mother Superior (¶1809f)
- Sister (¶1809g)
- Brother (¶1809h)
- Protestant Dignitaries (¶1810)
- Episcopal Bishop (¶1810a)
- Episcopal Dean (¶1810b)
- Methodist Bishop (¶1810c)
- Minister With Doctor’s Degree (¶1810d)
- Minister Without Doctor’s Degree (¶1810e)
- Jewish Dignitaries (¶1811)
- Rabbi With Doctor’s Degree (¶1811a)
- Rabbi Without Doctor’s Degree (¶1811b)
- Muslim Dignitaries (¶1812)
- Leader of Prayer in a Mosque (¶1812a)
- Dignitary With Doctor’s Degree (¶1812b)
- Other Muslim Dignitaries (¶1812c)
- PART 3: References
- APPENDIX A. Essays on the Nature of Style
- APPENDIX B. Pronunciation Problems
- APPENDIX C. Rules for Alphabetic Filing
- APPENDIX D. Glossary of Grammatical Terms
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