Application Development Management:
Application development management involves managing activities such as systems analysis and design, prototyping, applications programming, project management, quality assurance, and system maintenance for all major E-business/IT development projects.

Centralization or Decentralization:
Modern computer-based information systems can support either the centralization or decentralization of information systems operations and decision-making within computer-using organizations.

Chargeback Systems:
Methods of allocating costs to end user departments based on the information services rendered and information system resources utilized.

Chief Information Officer:
A senior management position that oversees all information technology for a firm, concentrating on long-range information systems planning and strategy.

Chief Technology Officer:
A chief technology officer (CTO) is an individual in an organization who is in charge of all information technology planning and deployment.

Cultural, Political, and Geoeconomic Challenges:
Differences in customs, governmental, regulations, and the cost of living in different countries.

Data Center:
An organizational unit, which uses centralized computing resources to perform information processing activities for an organization. Also known as a computer center.

Downsizing:
Many organizations are downsizing from the use of large computer systems to networks of small computers.

E-Business Organization:
An internetworked E-business enterprise whose organizational structure and roles have been reengineered to help it become a flexible, agile, customer-focused, value driven leader in E-commerce.

Global Business Drivers:
These include global customers, products, operations, resources, and collaboration.

Global E-Business Technology Management:
Managing information technologies in an E-business enterprise by (1) the joint development and implementation of E-business and IT strategies by business and IT executives, (2) managing the research and implementation of new information technologies and the development of E-business applications, and (3) managing IT processes, professionals, and subunits within a company’s IT organization and IS function.

Global E-Business Technology Management — E-Business Applications:
Managing information technologies in an E-business enterprise by managing the research and implementation of new information technologies and the development of E-business applications.

Global E-Business Technology Management - E-Business/IT Strategies:
Many firms are moving toward transnational business strategies in which they integrate their global business activities through close cooperation and interdependence between their international subsidiaries and their corporate headquarters.

Global E-Business Technology Management - Data Access Issues
Global IT and end user managers must deal with restrictions on the availability of hardware and software, restrictions on transborder data flows (TDF) and movement of personal data and difficulties with developing common data definitions and system requirements.

Global E-Business Technology Management - IT Platforms:
The choice of technology platforms (also called the technology infrastructure) is a major dimension of global IT management. Technology platforms required to support a global business operation must consider: 1) Hardware choices, 2) Software choices, 3) Telecommunications networks, and 4) Computing facilities.

Global E-Business Technology Management - Systems Development Issues:
Database management methods have to be developed and systems development projects have to be managed in order to produce the global information systems that are required to compete successfully in the global marketplace.

Human Resource Management of Information Technology:
Reaching agreement on systems requirements is always difficult, but becomes many times more difficult when the users and developers are in different countries. Strategies must be developed in order to solve some of the problems of global systems development.

Information Systems Performance:
Managers must ensure that IT is being effectively, efficiently, and economically used in their organizations.

Information Technology Architecture:
A conceptual framework that defines the basic structure, content, and relationships of the organizational databases that provide the data needed to support the basic business processes of an organization.

Internet Access Issues:
The Internet has become a global battleground over public access to data and information at business and private sites on the World Wide Web. This has become a business issue because restrictive access policies severely inhibit the growth of E-commerce with countries that restrict or forbid Internet access by their citizens.

Internet as a Global IT Platform:
The Internet and the World Wide Web are both vital components in international business and commerce. The Internet, with its interconnected network of thousands of networks of computers and databases, has established itself as a technology platform free of many traditional international boundaries and limits.

Management Impact of E-Business Technologies:
Managers now have a lot of information processing power and responsibility for the use of E-business technologies.

Management Involvement in IT:
The experiences of successful organizations reveal that the basic ingredient of high-quality information systems performance is extensive and meaningful management involvement.

Managing E-Business Technologies:
Organizations must be able to manage E-business/IT planning and the IS function within a company.

Managing the IS Function:
Managers within organizations are responsible for managing application development, data center operations, and user services.

Operations Management:
Includes the management of activities such as data entry, equipment operations, production control, and production support.

Outsourcing IS Operations:
Turning over all or part of an organization’s information systems operation to outside contractors, known as systems integrators or facilities management companies.

Spinning off IT Business Units:
Companies may create independent IT or E-commerce business units.

Strategic E-Business/IT Planning:
Strategic IS management requires strategic IS planning. Companies do strategic IS planning with four main objectives in mind - business alignment, competitive advantage, resource management, and technology architecture.

Systems Performance Monitor:
A software package that automates many of the operations management activities.

Technology Management:
The establishment of organizational groups to identify, introduce, and monitor the assimilation of new information system technologies into organizations.

Transborder Data Flows:
The flow of business data over telecommunications networks across international borders.

Transnational Strategy:
A management approach in which an organization integrates its global business activities through close cooperation and interdependence among its headquarters operations and international subsidiaries, and its use of appropriate global information technologies.

User Services:
End users need liaison, consulting, and training services.