McGraw-Hill Online Learning Center Test<BLURT>

McGraw-Hill Online Learning Center Test


1. A/An ______ is used to introduce recombinant DNA into cells. (p. 530) A. clone
B. PCR machine
C. probe
D. vector
E. antisense molecule


2. ______ are small accessory rings of DNA found in bacteria. (p. 530) A. Plasmids
B. Probes
C. Restriction enzymes
D. GEMs (genetically engineered microbes)
E. Organoids


3. Gene cloning uses ________ to produce gene copies in a test tube. (p. 530) A. exons and introns
B. antisense DNA
C. polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D. ex vivo therapy
E. angiogenesis


4. Making recombinant DNA is a process requiring __________. (p. 530) A. restriction enzyme
B. DNA ligase
C. a vector
D. foreign and host DNA
E. all of the above


5. ______ enzymes cut a DNA molecule into discrete pieces at a distinct cleavage site. (p. 530) A. DNA ligase
B. Restriction
C. Vector
D. Polymerase
E. Antisense


6. ______ seal(s) any breaks in a DNA molecule. (p. 531) A. Restriction enzymes
B. Polymerase
C. DNA probes
D. Plasmids
E. DNA ligase


7. Transformed bacteria can produce proteins they never produced before. (p. 531) A. True
B. False


8. Biotechnology products include __________. (p. 534) A. insulin
B. human vaccines
C. human growth hormones and clotting factors
D. ice crystal discouraging bacteria
E. all of the above


9. Biotechnology can produce insulin and growth hormones in quantity from bacteria without harvesting the glands of animals or humans. (pp. 534-536) A. True
B. False


10. In order for human gene expression to occur in bacteria, the gene should not contain exons because bacterial cells do not have the necessary enzymes to process primary messenger RNA. A. True
B. False


11. PCR takes its name from DNA ______. (p. 532) A. primer-copying ribosomes
B. probe complement reaction
C. protein complement reaction
D. DNA polymerase chain reaction
E. production of copies by restriction enzymes


12. PCR provides more copies of a gene than cloning. (p. 532) A. True
B. False


13. A critical breakthrough that made automated PCR possible was ______. (p 532) A. the discovery that bacteria did not use codons
B. a method to convert exons into introns
C. the discovery of a temperature-insensitive stable DNA polymerase in a hot springs bacterium
D. the use of atomic energy to produce the chain reaction
E. smaller test tubes


14. DNA polymerase needs primers to start the replication process. (p. 532) A. True
B. False


15. A DNA probe is double-stranded. (p. 532) A. True
B. False


16. DNA probes are used during DNA fingerprinting. (p. 533) A. True
B. False


17. PCR can create millions of copies of a single gene in a test tube. (pp. 532-533) A. True
B. False


18. A single gene can be copied using PCR. (p. 533) A. True
B. False


19. When the genome is treated with restriction enzymes, if produces a collection of different-sized sections called ________ that can be separated by gel electrophoresis. (p. 533) A. multiple alleles
B. gene products
C. restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)
D. clones
E. exons and introns


20. DNA probes can diagnose viral infections. (p. 533) A. True
B. False


21. PCR amplification and analysis can be used to diagnose viral infections, genetic disorders, and cancer. (p. 533) A. True
B. False


22. Biotechnology medical products include _______. (p. 534) A. insulin
B. growth hormone
C. tPA (tissue plasminogen activator)
D. human clotting factor
E. all of the above


23. DNA fingerprinting can only be used on cells from living specimens. (p. 533) A. True
B. False


24. Transgenic organisms are organisms __________. (p. 534) A. created completely in the laboratory
B. with a foreign gene inserted in them
C. crossed by the reproduction of animals of two different species
D. suffering from defective genes
E. with their original genes removed and all new foreign genes inserted in them


25. Bioengineered bacteria can be used to promote the health of plants. (p. 534) A. True
B. False


26. Genetic engineering can improve the ability of oil-eating bacteria. (p. 534) A. True
B. False


27. Bacteria can be bioengineered to produce phenylalanine. (p. 534) A. True
B. False


28. Bacteria are being used to "mine" various metals from the ground when the metal is in very low amounts. (p. 534) A. True
B. False


29. Organisms that receive DNA from sources outside their natural species are called _______. (p. 534) A. plasmids
B. transgenic
C. organoids
D. clones
E. vectors


30. It is preferable to produce engineered hormones in animal milk than in animal urine. (p. 536) A. True
B. False


31. Bioengineered bacteria __________. (p. 534) A. clean up pollutants
B. increase fertility of the soil by increasing nitrogen fixation
C. process minerals and produce chemicals
D. provide plants with insect toxins from other organisms
E. do all of the above


32. Bioengineering can alter the phenotype of plants and animals. (pp. 535-536) A. True
B. False


33. There are many vectors for bioengineering plant cells. (p. 535) A. True
B. False


34. Plant cells that have had the cell walls removed are called ______. (p. 506) A. plasmids
B. probes
C. vectors
D. protoplasts
E. transgenic


35. Hopefully transgenic plants will _________. (p. 535) A. be herbicide resistant
B. be more nutritious
C. require less fertilizer
D. produce chemicals and drugs of use to humans
E. be/do all of the above


36. Because animal cells will not take up bacterial plasmids, they cannot be genetically engineered. (p. 536) A. True
B. False


37. Product(s) produced by transgenic farm animals include ______. (p. 536) A. bovine growth hormone
B. tPA
C. human clotting factor VIII
D. milk
E. nitrogen fixation


38. New biotechnology applications, such as wheat resistant to herbicides, are breakthroughs that have been proven to pose no ecological dangers. (p. 535) A. True
B. False


39. Gene therapy is a theoretical idea for replacing defective genes with healthy ones but it has not yet been used. (p. 539) A. True
B. False


40. A retrovirus has ______ genes. (pp. 539-540) A. RNA
B. DNA
C. bacterial
D. defective
E. no


41. A retrovirus used in gene therapy works by ______. (pp. 539-540) A. replacing the patient's genes with normal viral genes
B. replacing the patient's DNA with viral RNA
C. using reverse transcription to produce normal human DNA
D. using reverse transcription to produce normal human RNA
E. using polymerase chain reaction to produce normal human DNA


42. A/an ______ is used as a vector to carry normal genes into the cells of a patient where they become incorporated into the genome. (p. 539) A. antisense molecule
B. plasmid
C. retrovirus
D. GEM (genetically engineered microbe)
E. DNA probe


43. A retrovirus used for gene therapy has been equipped with __________ . (p. 539) A. plasmids with antisense DNA
B. genes engineered to turn off diseased cell activity
C. restriction fragment length polymorphisms
D. recombinant DNA (viral DNA with an inserted DNA copy of a normal gene)
E. recombinant RNA (viral RNA with an inserted RNA copy of a normal gene)


44. Which of the following is/are used to introduce genes into a patient? (p. 539-540) A. adenoviruses
B. bone marrow stem cells infected with a retrovirus
C. retroviruses
D. liposomes coated with genes
E. all of the above


45. When research or medical procedures are done in an organism or patient rather than in tissue culture or test tube, it is called _________. (p. 539) A. genetic
B. realistic
C. in vitro
D. in vivo
E. malignant
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