Water Use and Management
1. Solar energy drives the hydrologic cycle through (p. 413)
A. sublimation.
B. condensation.
C. evaporation.
D. transpiration.
E. none of the above.
2. In the presence of high humidity, smoke, dust, sea salts, spores, and volcanic ash can (p. 413)
A. raise the dew point.
B. increase the saturation point.
C. serve as condensation nuclei.
D. increase evaporation.
E. all of the above.
3. The dry, eastern parts of Oregon and the state of Washington result from (p. 414)
A. being in the rain shadow of the coastal range.
B. decreased condensation nuclei on the plains away from the cities of the West Coast.
C. high elevation.
D. B and C.
E. all of the above.
4. Human related actions have increased some deserts by (p. 415)
A. increasing particulate emissions, thereby providing condensation nuclei.
B. decreasing particulate emissions, thereby decreasing the number of condensation nuclei.
C. stripping away protective vegetation and exposing the land to erosion.
D. creating large heat islands in cities.
E. none of the above.
5. Water, because of its ability to absorb heat and release it upon condensation, (p. 416)
A. helps regulate the particulate matter in the air.
B. reduces the total production of sulfur dioxide.
C. redistributes and stores heat, thereby moderating temperature fluctuations.
D. increases temperature fluctuations.
E. none of the above.
6. About 3/4 of the fresh water in the world is (p. 417)
A. present in the Great Lakes of North America.
B. flows through the Amazon River and its tributaries.
C. is tied up in the water of crystallization in rocks.
D. is frozen in glaciers, ice caps, and snowfields.
E. none of the above.
7. Pollution of aquifers occurs in the (p. 418)
A. zone of saturation.
B. zone of recharge.
C. groundwater.
D. discharge area.
E. none of the above.
8. Of the earth's water compartments, which holds the LEAST percentage of the earth's water? (p. 416)
A. ice and snow
B. oceans
C. groundwater
D. streams and rivers
E. biological moisture in plants and animals
9. The country with the richest possible supply of fresh water is (p. 419)
A. Bahrain.
B. Sudan.
C. the Czech Republic.
D. Iceland.
E. United States.
10. Worldwide, humans withdraw about what percent of the total stable runoff ? (p. 420)
A. about 90%
B. more than 150%
C. about 1%
D. about 25%
E. none of the above
11. Human water use has (p. 420)
A. decreased by 100% as a result of water savings techniques, even as the population increases.
B. increased by 100%.
C. increased twice as fast as population growth in the past century.
D. remained about the same.
E. none of the above.
12. You are a researcher interested in water use by user group (domestic, industrial, and agricultural). You determine agriculture accounts for about 90% of the total water withdrawal for the country. You are most likely in a country with (p. 421)
A. extremely high income levels.
B. low income levels.
C. mid range income levels.
D. high rates of corporate farming.
E. none of the above.
13. Overpumping of groundwater can result in (p. 425)
A. sink hole formation.
B. subsidence like in the San Joaquin Valley in California.
C. a cone of depression.
D. depleted aquifers.
E. all of the above.
14. The single largest domestic use of water each year in the United States is (p. 430)
A. for cooking.
B. for showering and bathing.
C. for flushing toilets.
D. for watering lawns and washing cars.
E. none of the above.
15. The farmers in California's Central Valley underpay the actual cost of the water they receive by $500,000 per farm because (p. 431)
A. they frequently do not pay their bills when crop prices are low.
B. federal water projects do not bill them for anything but the immediate cost of delivery and not the total cost of the water project.
C. they often do not use water conservation techniques.
D. they use a lot of water.
E. all of the above.