Urbanization and Sustainable Cities
1. What percentage of the total population of North and Central America is currently classified as urban? (p. 540)
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 95%
E. none of the above
2. According to projections, over the next fifty years what percentage of the expected world-wide urban population growth will occur in the less developed countries? (p. 540)
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 90%
E. none of the above
3. In the megacities of the developing world, about half of the urban populations are (p. 541)
A. without food.
B. raising their own food in small gardens and livestock pens within the city limits.
C. transient workers or residents of unplanned slums and shantytowns.
D. craft workers.
E. none of the above.
4. In Latin America and East Asia, about two-thirds of the population increase in the cities is from (p. 542)
A. push factors.
B. pull factors.
C. immigration.
D. natural increase.
E. none of the above.
5. Which of the following is an immigration push factor that causes urban growth? (p. 543)
A. agricultural mechanization
B. landownership that is concentrated in a few hands
C. overcrowding in the country
D. political instability
E. all of the above
F. none of the above
6. Government policies can influence migration to cities in which of the following ways? (p. 543)
A. job creation in the cities
B. keeping currency exchange rates high
C. importing lower priced foods
D. A and C
E. all of the above
7. Which of the following is NOT a significant issue facing cities in less developed countries? (pp. 543-544)
A. poor sanitation
B. traffic and congestion
C. air pollution
D. housing
E. A and D
F. all of the above
8. According to the World Bank, what percentage of urban residents in developing countries have satisfactory sanitation? (p. 544)
A. 10%
B. 35%
C. 75%
D. nearly 100%
E. none of the above
9. If you were visiting a barrio in Latin America or a bustee in India, you would most likely find (p. 545)
A. a gated community of wealthy urban residents.
B. a high level of education and industrial skills.
C. electricity.
D. inadequate water supply.
E. B and C.
10. Which of the following resulted from urban renewal programs in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s? (p. 547)
A. decaying industrial areas were cleared or renovated
B. old neighborhoods were cleared
C. large-scale public housing was built
D. often favored projects that benefited the upper class while displacing lower class or minority residents
E. A and D
F. all of the above
11. Most pre-industrial cities were (p. 549)
A. compact and densely populated.
B. diffuse and sparsely populated.
C. filled with wide boulevards.
D. not stratified by social or economic class.
E. none of the above.
12. Due in part to high noise levels, most Americans, by the age of 65, have experienced a sensitivity reduction in their hearing of (p. 548)
A. 40 decibels.
B. 100 decibels.
C. an insignificant amount.
D. nearly 90%.
E. none of the above.
13. Urban redesign proposals include which of the following suggestions to make cities more diverse, flexible, and energy efficient? (p. 554)
A. determine in advance where development will take place
B. numerous city spaces like sidewalk cafes, pocket parks, courtyards, balconies, and porticoes that shelter pedestrians and bring people together
C. encourage small scale commercial development in or close to residential districts
D. create high density housing interspersed with green spaces
E. all of the above
14. If you were a landscape architect planning a conservation development, your design would most likely call for (p. 555)
A. a checkerboard division of lots connected by streets.
B. clustered homes.
C. walking paths.
D. dividing the entire development into individual lots.
E. A and B.
F. B and C.
15. Sustainable development proposals in the developing world have emphasized (pp. 556-557)
A. social justice.
B. discourage interregional migrations.
C. control population growth.
D. intervene to create more equitable land distribution.
E. C and D.
F. all of the above.