Human Populations
1. A social justice perspective on human population growth would emphasize (p. 134)
A. technological solutions and human ingenuity.
B. strict birth control programs.
C. political democracy and empowering women.
D. unfettered economic growth.
E. all of the above.
2. Human population growth over time resembles (p. 135)
A. an S curve.
B. a J curve.
C. a straight line.
D. an M.
E. none of the above.
3. Rev. Thomas Malthus believed that human population (p. 136)
A. would increase at exponential rates.
B. could be stabilized by ?positive checks? like famines or disease.
C. could be stabilized by ?preventative checks? like birth control.
D. could be stabilized by ? moral restraint? like late marriages and celibacy.
E. should be regulated through cutting off the food supply to the poor so they would not increase their fertility.
F. all of the above.
4. Karl Marx, a critic of Malthus, argued that human population growth was (p. 136)
A. inevitable and irreversible, as was environmental degradation.
B. actually decreasing due to the Industrial Revolution.
C. a symptom of larger problems of oppression, exploitation, and social injustice.
D. could best be remedied through a program of mandatory sterilization.
E. all of the above.
5. By mid-1997, most demographers agree that the earths human population is about (p. 139)
A. about 5.8 billion.
B. about 5.8 million.
C. about 600 million.
D. about 600 billion.
E. about 10 million.
6. Demographers note that, of the total human population growth which will occur in the next century, _____ will occur in the Third World. (p. 139)
A. 1%
B. 10%
C. 20%
D. 50%
E. 90%
7. The total fertility rate is (p. 141)
A. the number of births per thousand of population.
B. the number of births per average woman during her entire reproductive life.
C. the number of infants who die before the age of 2, divided by the number born.
D. the number of births per thousand subtracted from the number of deaths per thousand.
E. none of the above.
8. If you lived in a Third World country, you might notice all of the following EXCEPT (p. 141)
A. low total fertility rates.
B. low female literacy.
C. high birthrates.
D. high infant mortality rates.
E. low per capita GNP.
9. Life expectancy is directly correlated with (p. 142)
A. real GDP per capita.
B. the population structure diagram of a country.
C. the total fertility rate.
D. declining fertility rate.
E. none of the above.
10. The primary cause of the increase in human population in the last 300 years is (p. 142)
A. declining fertility.
B. increasing fecundity.
C. declining mortality.
D. increasing economic equality.
E. none of the above.
11. One result of a skewed dependency ratio in a country's population is that the country (p. 143)
A. is unable to provide sufficient natural resources.
B. might not be able to support retirement systems for older citizens.
C. might prove to be vulnerable to immigration.
D. might decrease it's per capita of GNP.
E. all of the above.
12. The age structure of the world's human population is projected to change. In the future, the percentage of children under 15 is projected to (p. 143)
A. increase sharply while aged 65 and over will decrease sharply.
B. decrease sharply while aged 65 and over will increase sharply.
C. level off while aged 65 and over will decrease sharply.
D. decline gradually while aged 65 and over declines sharply.
E. none of the above.
13. Birth reduction pressures in a society include all of the following EXCEPT (p. 145)
A. greater level of personal freedom for women in that society.
B. lower level of personal freedom for women in that society.
C. higher education level.
D. higher income levels.
E. the amount it costs to raise a child in that society.
14. When looking at the United States during the 20th century, birthrates have (p. 147)
A. remained remarkably the same.
B. uniformly decreased over time.
C. uniformly increased over time.
D. sharply decreased until the Great Depression, then sharply immediately after World War II, then decreased until the mid 1970s.
E. sharply increase until the Great Depression, then sharply decreased from the end of World War II until the present.
15. Birthrates in many European countries, such as Italy, Russia, Germany, and Greece, are currently (p. 147)
A. well above replacement rate.
B. below replacement rate.
C. unchanged from early in the 20th century.
D. drastically higher than they were in the early 20th century.
E. none of the above.
16. The concept of demographic transition refers to (p. 147)
A. the problem of global over-population.
B. the point at which time a country can supply all of it's own resources.
C. the time in which high birth and death rates give way to low birth and death rates.
D. the moment in which low birth and death rates give way to high birth and death rates.
E. none of the above.
17. Typically, as a country industrializes, death rates within that country (pp. 147-148)
A. increase while birth rates decrease.
B. decrease while birthrates increase.
C. decrease while birth rates generally decrease.
D. remain remarkably stable.
E. none of the above.
18. Which of the following is a good factor in stabilizing population growth? (p. 150)
A. lowering the mortality rate for children under 5 years old
B. adult female literacy
C. improved health care for women and children
D. opportunities for women to earn an independent living
E. all of the above
19. Under the United Nations population forecasts issued in 1992, the medium projection (the prediction that rests between the best and worst case scenarios) predicted that by the end of next century the world's population will (p. 153)
A. increase from previous projections from 10 billion to 13 billion.
B. significantly decrease from 5 billion to 3 billion.
C. remain the same.
D. top nearly 100 billion.
E. none of the above.
20. By the year 2020, the number of births per year are projected to continue to rise in (p. 155)
A. Europe.
B. Latin America.
C. East Asia.
D. Africa.
E. all of the above.