self-quiz Read each question carefully and then select the best answer. 1. Which of the following is an aspect of culture? a. a comic book b. patriotic attachment to the flag of the United States c. slang words d. all of the above 2. People’s adaptations to meet the needs for food, shelter, and clothing are examples of what George Murdock referred to as a. norms. b. folkways. c. cultural universals. d. cultural practices. 3. What term do sociologists use to refer to the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society? a. diffusion b. globalization c. innovation d. cultural relativism 4. The appearance of Starbucks coffeehouses in China is a sign of what aspect of culture? a. innovation b. globalization c. diffusion d. cultural relativism 5. Which of the following statements is true according to the Sapir- Whorf hypothesis? a. Language simply describes reality. b. Language does not transmit stereotypes related to race. c. Language precedes thought. d. Language is not an example of a cultural universal. 6. Which of the following statements about norms is correct? a. People do not follow norms in all situations. In some cases, they evade a norm because they know it is weakly enforced. b. In some instances, behavior that appears to violate society’s norms may actually represent adherence to the norms of a particular group. c. Norms are violated in some instances because one norm conflicts with another. d. all of the above 7. Which of the following statements about values is correct? a. Values never change. b. The values of a culture may change, but most remain relatively stable during any one person’s lifetime. c. Values are constantly changing; sociologists view them as being very unstable. d. all of the above 8. Which of the following terms describes the set of cultural beliefs and practices that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests? a. mores b. dominant ideology c. consensus d. values 9. Terrorist groups are examples of a. cultural universals. b. subcultures. c. countercultures. d. dominant ideologies. 10. What is the term used when one places a priority on understanding other cultures, rather than dismissing them as “strange” or “exotic”? a. ethnocentrism b. culture shock c. cultural relativism d. cultural value 11. are gestures, objects, and/or words that form the basis of human communication. 12. is the process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture. 13. The bow and arrow, the automobile, and the television are all examples of . 14. Sociologists associated with the perspective emphasize that language and symbols offer a powerful way for a subculture to maintain its identity. 15. “Put on some clean clothes for dinner” and “Thou shalt not kill” are both examples of found in U.S. culture. 16. The United States has strong against murder, treason, and other forms of abuse that have been institutionalized into formal norms. 17. From a(n) perspective, the dominant ideology has major social significance. Not only do a society’s most powerful groups and institutions control wealth and property; more important, they control the means of production. 18. Countercultures (for example, hippies) are typically popular among the , who have the least investment in the existing culture. 19. A person experiences when he or she feels disoriented, uncertain, out of place, even fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture. 20. From the perspective, subcultures are evidence that differences can exist within a common culture. Answers 1 (d); 2 (c); 3 (a); 4 (b); 5 (c); 6 (d); 7 (b); 8 (b); 9 (c); 10 (c); 11 Symbols; 12 Innovation; 13 inventions; 14 interactionist; 15 norms; 16 mores; 17 conflict; 18 young; 19 culture shock; 20 functionalist Mastering This Chapter 75
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