Read each question carefully and then select or provide the best answer. 1. What term do sociologists use to refer to the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society? a. diffusion b. globalization c. innovation d. cultural relativism 2. The appearance of Starbucks coffeehouses in China is a sign of what aspect of culture? a. innovation b. globalization c. diffusion d. cultural relativism 3. A person experiences when he or she feels disoriented, uncertain, out of place, even fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture. 4. The term refers to the fact that the material culture changes more rapidly than the nonmaterial culture. 76 CHAPTER THREE Culture Answers 1 (a); 2 (b); 3 culture shock; 4 culture lag • Discovery involves learning and sharing newly acquired knowledge with others, while invention involves combining existing cultural items into something that did not exist before. • Diffusion — the spread of cultural items from one place to another—has fostered globalization. Some people resist ideas that seem too foreign, as well as those they perceive as threatening to their values and beliefs. LO 9-2 Demonstrate ways in which technology has affected the speed of cultural diffusion. • Technology greatly accelerates the global spread of culture, especially the cultures of the more developed countries. In a phenomenon called cultural lag, the material culture—physical or technological aspects of daily life— spreads more quickly and effectively than the nonmaterial culture—customs, beliefs, and philosophies. • The influence of technology has been magnified by the Internet, which makes technological discovery and invention available almost instantaneously around the world. • There is some concern that the Internet has had the effect of forcing the spread of U.S. culture and the English language around the globe. KEY TERMS Culture lag A period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions. Diffusion The process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society. Discovery The process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. Innovation The process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture through discovery or invention. Invention The combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not exist before. Material culture The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives. Nonmaterial culture Ways of using material objects, as well as customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication. Technology Cultural information about the ways in which the material resources of the environment may be used to satisfy human needs and desires. Consider these questions to get a deeper understanding of the material. 1. Name one culturally significant discovery and one culturally significant invention that occurred in your lifetime. How did these innovations change your culture? 2. Describe one positive and one negative example of McDonaldization that you have experienced. RECAP LO 9-1 Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. • Culture expands through the process of innovation, which includes both discovery and invention.
Schaefer_Sociology_POWER_1e
To see the actual publication please follow the link above