Section 1.3 Subtraction of Whole Numbers 25 Table 1-2 Word/Phrase Example In Symbols Minus 15 minus 10 15 10 Difference The difference of 10 and 2 10 2 Decreased by 9 decreased by 1 9 1 Less than 5 less than 12 12 5 Subtract . . . from Subtract 3 from 8 8 3 In Table 1-2, make a note of the last two entries. The phrases less than and subtract . . . from imply a specific order in which the subtraction is performed. In both cases, begin with the second number listed and subtract the first number listed. Translating an English Phrase to a Mathematical Statement Translate the English phrase to a mathematical statement and simplify. a. The difference of 150 and 38 b. 30 subtracted from 82 Solution: a. From Table 1-2, the difference of 150 and 38 implies 4 0 b. The phrase “30 subtracted from 82” implies that 30 is taken away from 82. We have 82 30 52 In Section 1.2 we saw that the operation of addition is commutative. That is, the order in which two numbers are added does not affect the sum. This is not true for subtraction. For example, is not equal to 30 82.The symbol means “is not equal to.” Thus, 82 30 30 82. Most applications of subtraction generally fall into two categories. 1. The first type is phrased as a subtraction problem in which the minuend and subtrahend are given. 82 30 82 30. 1 5 10 3 8 1 1 2 150 38. Example 5 Answers 9. 12 8; 4 10. 9 3; 6 3. Translations and Applications Involving Subtraction In applications of mathematics, several words and phrases imply subtraction. A partial list is provided in Table 1-2. Skill Practice Translate the English phrase into a mathematical statement and simplify. 9. Twelve decreased by eight 10. Subtract three from nine.
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