Bradshaw/World Regional Geography, 2/e

Student Study Guide: Chapter 1 - The New Global Order and Geography

CHAPTER OUTLINE

Use this outline to increase your understanding of the important characteristics of the New Global Order and Geography.

I. Facets of the New Global Order -- All parts of the world are increasingly interconnected.

A. Global Political Order -- The end of the Cold War, the decline of Communism, the continued power of the United States, and regional rivalries and antagonisms are political forces that have shaped the New Global Order.
B. Global Economic Order -- Capitalism dominates within the New Global Order with the richer countries being core countries and poorer countries being peripheral countries. Semi-periphery countries are in transition.
C. Global Cultural Order -- The One World idea of Western urban industrial culture is spreading, but local, distinctive cultures persist sometimes leading to conflict.
D. Global Issues in the Natural Environment -- In spite of increased awareness of the need to sustain the environment, human impacts on the environment continue to increase.

II. Geography and a New Global Order -- Geography offers useful explanations of the New Global Order.

A. A World of Differences -- The New Global Order does not mean geographic differences will cease to exist.
B. Nature of Geography -- Regional geography, spatial analysis, and human-environment relationships are the three main approaches in geography.

III. Regions in a New Global Order

A. Regional Scales -- The three scales from large to small are major world regions, countries, and local regions.
B. Formal and Functional Regions -- Functional regions are more dynamic than formal regions. Regions are influenced by five aspects: people create regions, regions shape people’s activities, people remake regions, regions interact with other regions, and regions are used by those in power.

IV. Major World Regions -- Regional geography emphasizes understanding regional differences and regional change. Based on cultural factors and core-periphery relationships, nine distinct world regions are studied.

V. Geographic Growth of a Global Order -- Understanding world history is important in understanding modern world geography.

A. Phase I -- Pre World Systems: Hunting and Farming -- Small hunting and gathering bands supported by what the local environment provided gradually gave way to farming of domesticated plants and animals.
B. Phase II -- First World System: City Civilizations and the Bronze Age, 2500-1000 B.C. -- Based on irrigated agriculture, Mesopotamia becomes the most important of several core civilizations with modest amounts of trade with nearby areas.
C. Phase III -- Second World System: Expansion in the Classical Civilizations of the Iron Age, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 600 -- Several major world religions and cultural systems develop in different parts of the world during this phase. Interactions throughout Eurasia are increased.
D. Phase IV -- Third World System: Medieval Times, A.D. 600-1450 -- Between the classical period and the modern age, this phase contains many invasions, migrations, advances, and declines.
E. Phase V -- Fourth World System: Modern Times, Capitalism, Industrialization, and Socialism, A.D. 1450 to the Present -- Colonization and trade based on mercantile capitalism begin this phase with the Industrial Revolutions ultimately leading to industrial capitalism becoming dominant in the world system.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After reading and studying this chapter you should be able to:

Appreciate the tremendous complexity and diversity of the world.
Understand the new global order and how it helps to explain the complexity of the world.
Describe the Cold War and the significance of it coming to an end.
Distinguish between core, periphery, and semi-periphery positions and characteristics.
Discuss the validity of the One World idea.
Explain how people and cultures interact with the natural environment.
Know how geography examines and analyzes the world.
List the three main approaches in geographic studies.
Define the three regional scales.
Identify the different kinds of regions and how regions are changed.
Enumerate the nine world regions studied in this book.
Summarize each of the five phases of world history.
Trace the evolution of trade and interaction through the phases of world history.
Distinguish between the different kinds of capitalism: state, mercantile, and industrial.
Describe the characteristics of the four different Industrial Revolutions.

KEY TERMS

Study the Key Terms listed in this chapter. Consult the glossary as needed.

Match the following groups of countries with their descriptions.

_____ Core	a. dependent on some countries and some countries dependent on them
_____ First World	b. narrow range of products
_____ Periphery	c. has lost political influence since 1991
_____ Second World	d. wide range of products and high wages
_____ Semi-periphery	e. poorer countries, mostly in the South
_____ Third World	f. leadership by the United States

Match the following geographic terms with their descriptions.

_____ Absolute location	a. studies natural environments
_____ Geography	b. studies linkages between places
_____ Human-environment relationships	c. often defined by latitude and longitude
_____ Human geography	d. studies interactions between human activities and the natural environment
_____ Physical geography	e. how humans live in varied ways in different parts of Earth’s surface
_____ Relative location	f. studies human activities
_____ Spatial analysis	g. often defined by its level of interactions with other places

Match the following terms related to regions with their descriptions.

_____ Country	a. based on interactions and connections
_____ Formal region	b. often continental in size
_____ Functional region	c. distinctive subdivision of a country
_____ Local regions	d. based on internal characteristics
_____ Major world regions	e. studies differences among areas and the uniqueness of places
_____ Region	f. area of Earth’s surface within which similar characteristics distinguish it from other areas
_____ Regional geography	g. self-governing political entity

Match the following economics terms with their descriptions.

_____ Capitalism	a. geographic expansion of area having wealth accumulation and exchange of goods
_____ Economic system	b. way that goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed
_____ Industrial capitalism	c. now dominates the world economic system
_____ Mercantile capitalism	d. much government control of production and distribution
_____ State capitalism	e. much investment in manufacturing industries
_____ World system	f. local products are traded with other places and overseas

Briefly describe each of the following terms:

Culture _________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Global choke points _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Natural environment ______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Natural resources _________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

FILL IN THE BLANK QUESTIONS

During Phase III, ________________ periods that formed the basis of modern world systems occurred in several areas of the world.

This textbook divides the world into a total of ________________ major world regions.

New Global Disorder implies ________________.

The Bhopal, India disaster of 1984 illustrates ________________.

Regional characteristics are determined by ________________, not the natural environment.

________________ is a country that could be part of either Southern Asia or Eastern Asia.

World history can be summarized by a total of ________________ phases.

________________ and ________________ contain most of the remaining isolated areas that are outside of the world economy.

Led by the United States and ________________, capitalism has begun to dominate the new global order.

_______________ became the central core of a world system that developed during the Bronze Age (Phase II).

The 1980s idea of a world car was abandoned because ________________.

TRUE - FALSE QUESTIONS

____ 1. Other textbooks draw the boundaries of major world regions the same as this text.

____ 2. The new political global order of the 1990s is based on the United States as the single superpower in the world.

____ 3. The Iron Age occurred before the Bronze Age.

____ 4. Geography is still important in understanding the world.

____ 5. Southern Asia is the major world region with the largest population.

____ 6. Most First World countries are in the periphery.

____ 7. Views of Earth from space vehicles emphasize the finite limits of the planet.

____ 8. The One World idea is based on the extension of Western urban industrial culture to the rest of the world in the wake of the world economic system.

____ 9. Russia is considered to be in the semi-periphery.

____ 10. One of the major issues facing the new global order is coping with the increasing numbers of people in the world with the same stock of natural resources

____ 11. All countries in the semi-periphery are moving toward core country status.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Select the most correct answer from the alternatives given.

1. Which countries attempted to implement the communist ideals of Marx and Lenin:

First World
Second World
Third World
Fourth World

2. In state capitalism, production and distribution is controlled by:

government
corporations
individuals
stockholders

3. Which of the following is not a global choke point:<

Hawaii
Panama Canal
Strait of Hormuz
Malacca Straits

4. Medieval times in Phase IV is characterized by:

the rise of Greece
the origin of Christianity
mass migrations caused by invasions
domestication of plants and animals

5. The major world region with the largest economic output is:

Anglo America
Eastern Asia
Europe
Latin America

6. Natural resources include all of the following except:

climate
metals
stone
timber

7. Which of the following is not a core country:

Spain
Brazil
Japan
Australia

8. The Cold War lasted from:

1920 to 1945
1945 to 1985
1945 to the present
1950 to 1990

9. The three main approaches to geographic studies are:

spatial analysis, place, and location
regional geography, environment impacts, and location
regional geography, spatial analysis, and human-environmental relationships
location, regional geography, and new global order

10. Which area is least likely to challenge the United States in the future for political leadership of the world:

an expanding India
a group of Muslim countries
a growing China
a revived Russia

11. Total world population in 2025 is expected to be:

800 million
6 billion
9 billion
15 billion

KEY REGIONS

Study the major world regions listed and shown in this chapter.

1. Using matching, locate the following countries in their respective major world region.

Major World Regions:	a. Africa South of the Sahara
	b. Anglo America
	c. Commonwealth of Independent States
	d. Eastern Asia
	e. Europe
	f. Latin America
	g. North Africa and Southwest Asia
	h. Southern Asia
	I. South Pacific

Countries:

_____ Afghanistan	_____ Libya
_____ Canada	_____ Mexico
_____ Cuba	_____ Mongolia
_____ Ethiopia	_____ New Zealand
_____ Finland	_____ Poland
_____ Greece	_____ Saudi Arabia
_____ Indonesia	_____ Sudan
_____ Japan	_____ Thailand
_____ Kazakhstan	_____Turkey

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