Chapter 13

Wages Have Improved as Hours
of Work Have Declined

Demand for Labor Reflects Marginal Productivity

Favorable Resources, Skills, Management, Capital, and Technology Explain High U.S. Wages

As Wages Rise, Workers
May Work Fewer Hours

Earnings Benefit from Education and Experience

Relative Income Gains Have Been Dramatic for College Graduates

Unions Set High Standard Wage
and Limit Employment

Discrimination by Exclusion Lowers the Wage Rates of Excluded Minorities

Minorities and Females Show Uneven Progress in Closing the Wage Gap

Minorities and Females Show Uneven Progress in Closing the Wage Gap