Cengel: Table of Contents: Heat Transfer

Intro to Thermodynamics & Heat Transfer

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Nomenclature	xxiii

BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS

1-1	Thermodynamics and Energy	2
1-2	A Note on Dimensions and Units	4
1-3	Closed and Opens Systems	8
1-4	Forms of Energy	9
1-5	Properties of a System	12
1-6	State and Equilibrium	13
1-7	Processes and Cycles	14
1-8	The State Postulate	16
1-9	Pressure	17
1-10	Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics	21

1-11	Summary	26
	References and Suggested Reading	27

	Problems	27

2	PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCE	37

2-1	Pure Substance	38
2-2	Phases of a Pure Substance	38
2-3	Phase Change Processes of Pure Substances	39
2-4	Property Diagrams for Phase Change Processes	44
2-5	The P-v-T Surface	50
2-6	Property Tables	51
2-7	The Ideal-Gas Equation of State	57
2-8	Compressibility Factor	61
2-9	Other Equations of State	64
2-10	Summary	69

	References and Suggested Reading	70
	Problems	71

3	THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS: CLOSED SYSTEMS	81

3-1	Introduction to the First Law of Thermodynamics	82
3-2	Heat Transfer	82
3-3	Work	90
3-4	Mechanical Forms of Work	94
3-5	The First Law of Thermodynamics	102
3-6	Specific Heats	108
3-7	Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Specific Heats of ideal gases	110
3-8	Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Specific Heats of solids and liquids	118
3-9	Thermodynamics Aspects of Biological Systems	120

3-10	Summary	127
	References and Suggested Reading	128
	Problems	129

4	THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS: CONTROL VOLUMES	147

4-1	Thermodynamic Analysis of Control Volumes	148
4-2	The Steady-Flow Process	154
4-3	Some Steady-Flow Engineering Devices	159
4-4	Summary	171
	References and Suggested Reading	173
	Problems	173

5	THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS	183

5-1	Introduction to the Second Law of Thermodynamics	184
5-2	Thermal-Energy Reservoirs	185
5-3	Heat Engines	186
5-4	Refrigerators and Heat Pumps	193
5-5	Perpetual-Motion Machines	199
5-6	Reversible and Irreversible Processes	201
5-7	The Carnot Cycle	206
5-8	The Carnot Principles	209
5-9	The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale	210

5-10	The Carnot Heat Engine	212
5-11	The Carnot Refrigerator and Heat Pump	217
5-12	Summary	219
	References and Suggested Reading	221
	Problems	221

6	ENTROPY	237

6-1	The Clausius Inequality	238
6-2	Entropy	239
6-3	The Increase of Entropy Principle	241
6-4	Entropy Balance	243
6-5	What is Entropy?	249
6-6	The T-s Diagram	253
6-7	Evaluation of the Entropy Change	255
6-8	The Entropy Change of Solids and Liquids	258
6-9	The Entropy Change of Ideal Gases	260
6-10	Reversible Steady-Flow Work	263
6-11	Summary	267
	References and Suggested Reading	270
	Problems	270

7	POWER AND REFRIGERATION CYCLES	283


7-1	Basic Considerations in the Analysis of Power Cycles	285
7-2	The Carnot Cycle and Its value in Engineering	287
7-3	Air-Standard Assumptions	289
7-4	Brief Overview of Reciprocating Engines	290
7-5	Otto Cycle�The Ideal Cycle for Spark Ignition Engines	291
7-6	Diesel Cycle�The Ideal Cycle for Compression Ignition Engines	297
7-7	Brayton Cycle�The Ideal Cycle for Gas Turbine Engines	301
7-8	The Brayton Cycle with Regeneration	306
7-9	Ideal Jet Propulsion Cycles	311
7-10	The Carnot Vapor Cycle	317
7-11	Rankine Cycle�The Ideal Cycle for Vapor Power Cycles	319
7-12	The Ideal Reheat Rankine Cycle	322
7-13	Refrigerators and Heat Pumps	330
7-14	The Reversed Carnot Cycle	332
7-15	The Ideal Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle	333
7-16	Selecting the Right Refrigerant	337
7-17	Heat Pump Systems	339
7-18	Thermoelectric Power Generation and Refrigeration	341
7-19	Summary	343
	References and Suggested Reading	346
	Problems	348

8	STEADY HEAT CONDUCTION	375

8-1	Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer	376

8-2	An Overview of Heat Transfer Mechanisms	377
8-3	Thermal Conductivity	384
8-4	Steady Heat Conduction in Plane Walls	393
8-5	Generalized Thermal Resistance Networks	404
8-6	Steady Heat Conduction in Cylinders and Spheres	407
8-7	Critical Radius of Insulation	414
8-8	Heat Generation in a Solid	416
8-9	Heat Transfer from Finned Surfaces	419
8-10	Heat Transfer in Common Configurations	427
8-11	Summary	432
	References and Suggested Reading	435
	Problems	436

9	TRANSIENT HEAT CONDUCTION	465

9-1	Lumped System Analysis	466
9-2	Transient Conduction in Plane Walls, Cylinder and Sphere	472
9-3	Transient Conduction in Semi-Infinite Solids	484
9-4	Transient Conduction in Multidimensional Systems: Production Solution	487
9-5	Summary	494
	References and Suggested Reading	496
	Problems	497

10	FORCED CONVECTION	513


10-1	Physical Mechanism of Forced Convection	514
10-2	Velocity Boundary Layer	516
10-3	Thermal Boundary Layer	520
10-4	Flow over Flat Plates	521
10-5	Flow across Cylinders and Spheres	528
10-6	Flow in Tubes	534
10-7	Summary	554
	References and Suggest Reading	557
	Problems	558

11	NATURAL CONVECTION	579

11-1	Physical Mechanism of Natural Convection	581
11-2	Natural Convection over Surfaces	585
11-3	Natural Convection Inside Enclosures	590
11-4	Natural Convection from Finned Surfaces	597
11-5	Combined Natural and Forced Convection	600
11-6	Summary	603

	References and Suggested Reading	604
	Problems	606

12	RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER	625

12-1	Introduction	626
12-2	Thermal Radiation	627
12-3	Blackbody Radiation	629
12-4	Radiation Properties	636
12-5	Atmospheric and Solar Radiation	645
12-6	The View Factor	650
12-7	Radiation Heat Transfer: Black Surfaces	663
12-8	Radiation Heat Transfer: Diffuse, Gray Surfaces	665
12-9	Radiation Shields and the Radiation Effect	677
12-10	Summary	681
	References and Suggested Reading	684
	Problems	685

13	HEAT EXCHANGES	701

13-1	Types of Heat Exchanges	703
13-2	The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient	707
13-3	Analysis of Heat Exchanges	714
13-4	The Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference Method	716
13-5	The Effectiveness-NTU Method	725
13-6	The Selection of Heat Exchangers	734

13-7	Summary	738
	References and Suggested Reading	740
	Problems	741


14	Cooling of Electronic Equipment	755

14-1	Introduction and History	757
14-2	Manufacturing of Electronic Equipment	758
14-3	Cooling Load of Electronic Equipment	763
14-4	Thermal Environment	766
14-5	Electronics Cooling in Different Applications	767
14-6	Conduction Cooling	769
14-7	Air Cooling: Natural Convection and Radiation	784
14-8	Air Cooling: Forced Convection	791
14-9	Liquid Cooling	806
14-10	Immersion Cooling	809
14-11	Heat Pipes	814
14-12	Summary	818
	References and Suggested Reading	820
	Problems	822

APPENDIX 1: PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (SI UNITS)	841

APPENDIX 2: PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (ENGLISH UNITS)	883

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