Section 12.6.2.3

Adverbial Clauses

Adverbial clauses are depend ent clauses used to modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or entire phrases orclauses. They are introduced by subordinatingconj unctions. As introductory elements, theymay begin a sentence; they may also be placed in themiddle or at the end of a sentence.

In September 1993 the U.S. auto industry and the C linton administrationannounced a historic partnership to develop vehicles having three times the fueleconomy of today's fleet while they provide the same comfort, safety andperformance.

--"Improving Automotive Efficiency ," Scientific American(modified)

Never use a future tense marker (will or goingto) in an adverbial clause.

Unacceptable

If observations will tell us that the density of theuniverse is considerably different from the critical density, which correspondsto a flat universe, inflationary cosmology will face a real challenge.

Acceptable< /H4>

If observations tell us that the density of the universeis considerably different from the critical density, which corresponds to a flatuniverse, inflationary cosmology will face a real challenge.

--"The Se lf-Reproducing Inflationary Universe," ScientificAmerican

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## Adverbial Clauses ##


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