Use hyphens to link
Also use hyphens for the following purposes:
In typewritten documents, a single hyphen repesents the typographical en dash, adash the width of the letter n. Conventions for using hyphens differ from disciplineto discipline. When in doubt about whether to hyphenate a word, check the appropriate Use hyphens to connect certain prefixes to nouns. In mostscientific and technical styles, the following prefixes are usually followed by a hyphen: However, scientific and technical writing styles omit the hyphen between most prefixes, especiallyprefixes that are not words themselves. The following list of prefixes that normally are notfollowed by a hyphen is adapted from Scientific Style and Format by the Council ofBiology Editors: When adding a prefix to a noun forms ahomograph (a word with two meanings), use a hyphen for Use hyphens to connect numbers or letters used as prefixes to a noun. 10-cylinder Use a hyphen to connect any prefix to a capitalized noun. ex-Soviet scientist In most cases, do not place a hyphen before a suffix. In most scientific and technical styles,however, the following suffixes are preceded by a hyphen. Use a hyphen to link compound nouns, especially when the lack of a hyphen would change themeaning of the term. light year [The first term is a unit of measurement, not of time; the second pair of words, on the otherhand, may indicate a year that is not heavy.] Use a hyphen to connect compound modifiers to promoteclarity and prevent ambiguity. laser alignment [modifier + noun] the two-tube combiner wire-grid aperture cap [aperture cap for a wire grid] wire grid-aperture cap [a wire cap for a grid aperture] wire-grid level adjustment wire grid-level adjustment heavy-water cavity [a cavity for heavy water] heavy water cavity [a water cavity that is heavy] Use a hyphen to join spelled-out numbers from 21 through 99 and spelled-out fractions. the thirty-third experiment four-fifths of the subjects In general, avoid dividing words. However, use hyphens to split words at the end of a line toprevent large spaces between words in justified text and noticeably uneven margins in unjustifiedtext. The following guidelines for dividing words are adapted from the Chicago Manual ofStyle and the NASA Style Guide and the Council of Biology Editors'manual. hyper-tension maintain-ability Use hyphens to stand for through or to, especially in sections 15.2-15.8 1901-1911 from 1901 to 1911 Use a hyphen in the following circumstances: If all unit modifiers in a series end with the same term, the term does not have to be repeatedeach time; for brevity you may suspend the hyphens and use the modified term only at the end ofthe series. Copyright ©2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. McGraw-Hill Higher Education is one of the many fine businesses of To Link Certain Prefixes, Suffixes, Letters, and Numbers withNouns
aero electro meta pre after exo micro pro ante extra mid pseudo anti geo mid re astro hemo mini semi auto hyper multi sub bi hypo non super bio in over supra chemo infra photo trans co inter physio un counter iso poly de macro post multiply multi-ply recover re-cover unionize un-ionize the T-cellpost-Newtonian universeTo Link Compound Nouns
light-yearTo Link Compound Modifiers
laser-alignment process [compound modifier + noun] To Link Spelled-Out Numbers
twenty-one moving parts To Divide Words
com-pu-terlight-yearintra-system To Stand for to or through Between Lettersand Numbers
pages 25-63 Specialized Uses
(CH3)2-CH-CH2-CH(NH2)-OHcarbon-14Asp-His-LysSuspended Hyphens
The first-order, second-order, and third-order equations have all beensolved.The first-, second-, and third-order equations have all been solved.2- and 3-phase controllers
## Hyphens ##
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