IEEE--General Structure

Section 10.8.1

General Structure

The format of the IEEE reference style differs significantly fromCBE format. The most significant differences are found in thefollowing areas.

Citation numbers: IEEE style encloses citation numbers in running text in square brackets rather than as superscripts. Each citation number in the reference list is also enclosed in square brackets.

In-text reference to sources: IEEE style encourages substituting the reference number for the name of the author. For example,

[1], [9], and [11] have demonstrated . . .

Use "in [1]" instead of "in Wiliams et al."

Separation of elements: Except for a period ending the title element of a book, IEEE format uses commas rather than periods to separate elements.

Author format: Author names are presented in regular name order--that is, the first and middle initials of each author followed by a period, a space, and the last name. For two authors, use and instead of a comma between the two names. For three or more authors, place a comma after each author's name and place and before the name of the last author. A comma always follows the last author's name.

Dates: Dates are given in the format day, month (abbreviated with period), and year.

Abbreviations: Periods are used with abbreviations.

Titles: All beginning and significant words in books titles and journal titles are capitalized and underlined or italicized. Titles of journal articles are enclosed in quotation marks, but, as in CBE style, only the first word of an article is capitalized.

Page numbers: Numbers are always preceded by p. or pp., and if more than one page is cited, all the digits of the second number in the range are given.

Citations in Text

The oncogene jun has presently become one of the best-known oncogenes because of itsability to act as a transcription factor [1].  One study [2] examined the mRNA levels of jun C, junB and jun D in various mouse tissues and concluded that each of these genes is expressedindependently in different tissues and that they may play a role in growth, development and cellulardifferentiation.

Entries in Numbered List of References

[1] F. Cavalieri, T. Ruscio, R. Tinoco, S.    Benedict, C. Davis, and P. K. Vogt,
    "Isolation of three new avian sarcoma
    viruses: ASV9, ASV17, and ASV 25,"
    Virology, vol. 143, pp. 680-683, 1985.
[2] S. I. Hirai, R. P. Ryseck, F. Mechta, R.
    Bravo, M. Yaniv, "Characterization of
    jun D: a new member of the jun
    protooncogene family," Embo Journ., vol.

8, pp. 1433-1438, 1989.

Subsequent Citations

The results presented in this report show that mammary tissues from mice, rats, andhumans, contain constitutive levels of jun B transcripts.  This is not surprising since in a previoussurvey that did not include mammary tissue, jun B was found to be present in a variety of mousetissues [2].

--Taniya Sarkar, Wei Zhao, and Nurul H. Sarkar, "Expression of Jun Oncogene in Rodent andHuman Breast Tumors," World Wide Web Journal of Biology

## IEEE: General Structure ##

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