In order to view some of the structures for this section, you will need the web "plug-in", "CHIME". If you do not have it already installed, you should be able to download it for free from the linked Website. CHIME is a browser that allows you to visualize and manipulate molecules as 3D structures.  Check here if you don't know how to use Chime.

Functional Groups

• A functional group is an atom or a group of atoms within a molecule, that prescribes a particular type of reactivity when subjected to a particular set of reaction conditions.

As organic chemistry unfolds, take notice that the reactions occur directly at or immediately adjacent to the functional groups, and that recognizing the functional groups is the key to recognizing the type of reaction.

What is a reaction ?

• A reaction is the process by which one compound is transformed into a new compound.

List of Functional Groups

The more important functional groups are shown below, with the key structural element and a 3D CHIME image of a simple example. It is important that you are able to recognize these functional groups because they are the key to being able to recognize the patterns within organic chemistry.
 
 

Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
Arene
Alcohol
Alkyl halide
Amine
Epoxide
Ether
Nitrile
Nitroalkane
Thiol
Aldehyde
Ketone
Carboxylic Acid
Acyl halide
Acid anhydride
Ester
Amide