Organic Chemistry 4e Carey
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Chapter 6: Reactions of Alkenes: Addition Reactions
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Nomenclature Quiz
Chapter 1: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 2: Alkanes
Chapter 3: Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Chapter 4: Alcohols and Alkyl Halides
Chapter 5: Structure and Preparation of Alkenes: Elimination Reactions
Chapter 6: Reactions of Alkenes: Addition Reactions
Chapter 7: Stereochemistry
Chapter 8: Nucleophilic Substitution
Chapter 9: Alkynes
Chapter 10: Conjugation in Alkadienes and Allylic Systems
Chapter 11: Arenes and Aromaticity
Chapter 12: Reactions of Arenes. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Chapter 13: Spectroscopy
Chapter 14: Organometallic Compounds
Chapter 15: Alcohols, Diols and Thiols
Chapter 16: Ethers, Epoxides and Sulfides
Chapter 17: Aldehydes and Ketones. Nucleophilic Addition to C=O
Chapter 18: Enols and Enolates
Chapter 19: Carboxylic Acids
Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
Chapter 21: Ester Enolates
Chapter 22: Amines
Chapter 23: Aryl Halides
Chapter 24: Phenols
Summary
|
Alkenes
|
Electrophilic Addition
|
Reactions
|
Self Assessment
|
Quiz
|
Alkenes
Chapter 6: Reactions of Alkenes : Addition Reactions
Structure:
The alkene functional group consists of two sp
2
hybridized C atoms bonded to each other via a
s
and a
p
bond.
The
p
bond is produced by the side-to-side overlap of the
p
-orbitals not utilized in the hybrids (see left).
The substituents are attached to the C=C unit via
s
bonds.
The 2 C of the C=C and the 4 atoms attached directly to the C=C are all in the same plane.
Reactivity:
A
p
bond is a region of high electron density (
red
) so alkenes are typically nucleophiles.
Alkenes react with electrophiles (
e.g.
H
+
, X
+
)
Alkenes typically undergo addition reactions in which the
p
bond is converted to two new stronger
s
bonds.
Overall reaction :
Electrophilic addition
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