Chapter 17: Aldehydes and Ketones. Nucleophilic Addition to C=O 
Ch 17 contents

Overview of Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones

The following list is an overview of the reactions of aldehydes, RCHO, and ketones, RCOR', ordered by nucleophile, that are presented in the following pages.
 

Reaction with "H":  
Reduction to Hydrocarbons
reduction to hydrocarbons
H- : Hydride Reductions to Alcohols
hydride reduction to alcohols
Reaction with C nucleophiles:
-CN : Formation of Cyanohydrins
cyanohydrin formation
RM : Reaction with Organometallics
reaction with RLi and RMgX to give alcohols
P ylid : Wittig Reaction
alkene synthesis via the Wittig reaction
Reaction with N nucleophiles:
RNH2 : Primary amines and derivatives
primary amines give imines
R2NH : Secondary amines
secondary amines give enamines
Reaction with O nucleophiles:
H2O : Formation of Hydrates
equilibrium with water giving hydrates
ROH : Formation of acetals / ketals
 
 
 

 

reaction with alcohols gives acetals and ketals
Oxidation Reactions
Oxidation of Aldehydes
aldehydes are readily oxidised to carboxylic acids
Baeyer-Villager reaction
Baeyer-Villager oxidation to an ester


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