Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Useful Concepts

Carboxylic Acids Derivatives

Reactivity reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives

It is useful to view the carboxylic acid derivatives as an acyl group, R-C=O, with a different substituent attached that influences their reactivity (review)

Interconversions
Here is a table that summarises the methods for interconverting carboxylic acid derivatives. The more important reactions are emphasised in bold, and the reactions of the parent carboxylic acids (chapter 19) in blue.

To make -> From
	-	RCO₂^-	R'OH	H₂O	R₂NH	H₂O, HO^-
	-	-	R'OH	H₂O	R₂NH	H₂O, HO^-
	-	-	R'OH, heat H+ or B-	H₂O, H₃O⁺ heat	R₂NH	H₂O, HO^- heat
	SOCl₂ or PCl₃	Heat, -H₂O	R'OH, heat H+	-	R₂NH heat	HO^-
	-	-	-	H₂O, H₃O⁺ heat	-	H₂O, HO^- heat
	-	RCOCl	R'-Br or -I	H₃O⁺	-	-