Basic Organic Nomenclature


Root Names

The root name of an organic compound indicates the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms containing the highest priority functional group. The root name simply tells you the size of the molecule. Unfortunately, you must memorize the root names.
 
 
IUPAC Root Names
Number of C atoms
Root Name
1
meth
2
eth
3
prop
4
but
5
pent
6
hex
7
hept
8
oct
9
non
10
dec
11
undec
12
dodec
13
tridec
14
tetradec
15
pentadec
16
hexadec
17
heptadec
18
octadec
19
nonadec
20
icos

The name for the compound will be the root name followed by a suffix, which indicates the highest priority functional group present.

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