2.1 Reference Frames, Coordinate Systems, and Displacement
2.2 Average Speed and Average Velocity
2.3 Graphical Interpretation of Velocity
2.4 Instantaneous Velocity
2.5 Acceleration
2.6 Motion with Constant Acceleration
2.7 Galileo and Free Fall
Back to the Future: Galileo and Experimental Science
Appendix: Solving Quadratic Equations

3 Motion in Two Dimensions

3.1 Vectors
3.2 Addition of Vectors
3.3 Resolution of Vectors
3.4 Relative Velocity in One Dimension
3.5 Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions
3.6 Kinematics in Two Dimensions
3.7 Projectile Motion
Appendix: Review of Trigonometry

4 Force and Motion

4.1 Events Leading to Newton's Principia
4.2 What is a Force?
Back to the Future: The Writing of the Principia
4.3 Newton's First Law - Inertia
4.4 Newton's Second Law
4.5 Weight
4.6 Newton's Third Law
4.7 Some Applications of Newton's Laws
4.8 Friction
Physics in Practice: The Friction of Automobile Tires
4.9 Static Equilibrium
4.10 The Laws of Motion as a Whole
Appendix: Solving Simultaneous Equations

5 Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation

5.1 Uniform Circular Motion
5.2 Force Needed for Circular Motion
5.3 Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion
5.4 The Law of Universal Gravitation
Back to the Future: Johannes Kepler
5.5 The Universal Gravitational Constant G
*5.6 Gravitational Field Strength
Back to the Future: Henry Cavendish and the Density of the Earth

6 Work and Energy

6.1 Work 
6.2 Work Done by a Varying Force 
6.3 Energy 
6.4 Kinetic Energy
6.5 Potential Energy
*6.7 Energy Conserved with Nonconservative Forces
6.8 Power
Physics in Practice: Human Energy

7 Linear Momentum

7.1 Linear Momentum
7.2 Impulse
7.3 Newton's Laws and the Conservation of Momentum
7.4 Conservation of Momentum in One-Dimensional Collision
7.5 Conservation of Momentum in Two- and Three- Dimensional Collision
*7.6 Changing Mass

8 Applying the Conservation Laws

8.1 Definition of Elastic Collisions
8.2 Elastic Collisions in One-Dimension
*8.3 Elastic Collisions in Two-Dimension
*8.4 General Form of Gravitational Potential Energy
Physics in Practice: Symmetry and Conservation Laws
*8.5 Motion in a Gravitation Potential
*8.6 Escape speed

9 Rigid Bodies and Rotational Motion

9.1 Angular Velocity and Angular Acceleration
9.2 Rotational Kinematics
9.3 Torque
9.4 Static Equilibrium 
*9.5 Elasticity: Stress and Strain
Physics in Practice: Bridges
9.6  Torque and Moment in Interia
9.7 Angular Momentum
9.8 Conservation of Angular Momentum
9.9 Rotational Kinetic Energy
9.10 Conservation of Energy:Translations and Rotations
Physics in Practice: The Earth, the Moon, and the Tides

10 Fluids

10.1 Hydrostatic Pressure
10.2 Pascal's Principal
10.3 Archidemdes' Principal
Physics in Practice: Measuring Blood Pressure
*10.4 Surface Tension
*10.5 Fluid Flow:Streamlines and the Equation of Continuity
Physics in Practice: Surface Tension and the Lungs
10.6 Bernoulli's Equation
*10.7 Viscosity and Poiseuille's Law
*10.8 Stroke's Law and Terminal Speed 
Physics in Practice: How Airplanes Fly
*10.9 Turbulent Flow

11 Thermal Physics

11.1 Temperature and States of Matter
11.2 Thermometry
Back to the Future: Fahrenheit's Thermometer
11.3 Thermal Expansion
11.4 The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat
11.5 Calorimetry
11.6 Change of Phase
11.7 Heat Transfer

12 Gas Laws and Kinetic Theory

12.1 The Pressure of Air
12.2 Boyle's Law
Back to the Future: Gas Laws and Balloons 
12.3 The Laws of Charles and Gay-Lussac
12.4 The Ideal Gas Law
12.5 The Kinetic Theory of Gases
12.6 The Kinetic Theory Definition of Temperature
12.7 Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas
*12.8 The Barometric Formula and the Distribution of Molecular Speeds 
Appendix: The Exponential Function

13 Thermodynamics

13.1 Thermal Equilibrium
13.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics
13.3 The Carnot Cycle and the Efficiency of Engines
Physics in Practice: Gasoline Engines
13.4 Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
13.5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 
13.6 Entropy and the Second Law 
*13.7 Energy and Thermal Pollution

14 Periodic Motion

14.1 Hooke's Law 
14.2 The Simple Harmonic Oscillator
14.3 Energy of a Harmonic Oscillator
14.4 Period of a Harmonic Oscillator
14.5 The Simple Pendulum
*14.6 Damped Harmonic Motion
Physics in Practice: Walking and Running
*14.7 Forced Harmonic Motion and Resonance

15 Waves and Sound

15.1 Pulses on a Rope 
15.5 Harmonic Waves 
*15.3 Energy and Information Transfer by Waves 
15.4 Sound Waves
*15.5 Measuring Sound Levels
15.6 The Doppler Effect
Physics in Practice: Room Acoustics
*15.7 Formation of a Shock Wave
15.8 Reflection of a Wave Pulse
15.9 Standing Waves on a String
15.10 Waves in a Vibrating Column of Air
*15.11 Beats
Physics in Practice: Hearing and the Ear

16 Electric Charge and Electric Field

16.1 Electric Charge 
16.2 Coulomb's Law
16.3 Superposition of Electric Forces
16.4 The Electric Field 
16.5 Superposition of Electric Fields
16.6 Electric Flux and Gauss's Law
*16.7 A Quantitative Approach to Gauss's Law
16.8 The Electric Dipole
Physics in Practice: Dipoles and Microwave Ovens

17 Electric Potential and Capacitance

17.1 Electric Potential
17.2 The Van de Graaff Electrostatic Generator
17.3 The Electron Volt
17.4 Equipotential Surfaces
Back to the Future: The Leyden Jar and Franklin's kite
17.5 Capacitors
17.6 The Parallel-Plate Capacitor
17.7 Electric Field of a Parallel-Plate Capacitor
17.8 Dielectrics
17.9 Energy Storage in a Capacitor

18 Electric Current and Resistance

18.1 Electric Current and Electromotive Force
18.2 Electric Resistance and Ohm's Law
*18.3 Resistivity
18.4 Power and Energy in Electric Circuits
Physics in Practice: Superconductivity 
18.5 Short Circuits and Open Circuits
18.6 Kirchoff's Rules and Simple Resistive Circuits
*18.7 Applications of Kichoff's Rules 
18.8 Capacitors in Combination
18.9 Internal Resistance of a Battery
*18.10 Home Power Distribution
Physics in Practice: Electric Shock

19 Magnetism

19.1 Magnets and Magnetic Fields 
19.2 Oersted's Discovery: Electric Current Produces Magnetism
Physics in Practice: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
19.3 Magnetic Forces on Electric Currents
19.4 Magnetic Forces on Moving Charged Particles
*19.5 The Cyclotron 
19.6 Magnetic Field Due to a Current Carrying Wire
19.7 Torque on a Current Loop 
19.8 Galvanometers,Ammeters,and Voltmeters
*19.9 Ampère's Law 
*19.10 Magnetic Materials

20 Electromagnetic Induction

20.1 Faraday's Law 
20.2 Motional Emf
20.3 Generators and Motors 
20.4 The Transformer 
20.5 Inductance
*20.6 Energy Storage in a Magnetic Field
20.7 The Experimental Laws of Electromagnetism 
20.8 Maxwell's Equations
Physics in Practice: Linear Accelerators for Radiation Therapy
20.9 Electromagnet Waves

21 Alternating-Current Circuits

21.1 The RL  Circuit
21.2 The RC Circuit
21.3 Effective Values of Alternating Current
Physics in Practice: Electrocardiography 
21.4 Reactance
21.5 The RLC Series Circuit
21.6 Resonant Circuits

22 Geometrical Optics

22.1 Models of Light:Rays and Waves
22.2 Reflection and Refraction
Back to the Future: The Speed of Light 
22.3 Total Internal Reflection 
22.4 Fiber Optics
22.5 Thin Lenses 
22.6 Locating Images by Ray Tracing 
22.7 Thin-Lens Equation
22.8 Spherical Mirrors 
*22.9 Lens Aberrations

23 Optical Instruments

23.1 The Eye
23.2 The Magnifying Glass
23.3 Cameras and Projectors
23.4 Compound Microscopes 
23.5 Telescopes
*23.6 Other Lenses
Back to the Future: Development of the Telescope

24 Wave Optics

24.1 Huygens' Principal
24.2 Reflections and Refraction of Light Waves
24.3 Interference of Light 
24.4 Interference of Thin Films 
24.5 Diffraction by a Single Slit
24.6 Multiple-Slit Diffraction and Gratings 
24.7 Resolution and the Rayleigh Criterion
24.8 Dispersion
24.9 Spectroscopes and Spectra
24.10 Polarization
*24.11 Scattering

25 Relativity

25.1 Principle of Relativity 
25.2 Einstein's Postulates of Special Relativity
25.3 Velocity Addition 
Back to the Future: Albert Einstein
25.4 Simultaneity
25.5 Time Dilation
25.6 Length Contraction
Physics in Practice: The Twin Paradox
25.7 Mass and Energy
Physics in Practice: The Appearance of Moving Objects
25.8 Relativistic Monument
25.9 Relativistic Kinetic Energy
*25.10 The Relativistic Doppler Effect
*25.11 The Principal of Equivalence
*25.12 General Relativity

26 The Discovery of Atomic Structure

26.1 Evidence of Atoms from Solids and Gases
26.2 Electrolysis and the Quantization of Charge
26.3 Avogadro's Number and the Periodic Table
26.4 The Size of Atoms 
26.5 Crystals and X-Ray Diffraction
26.6 Discovery of the Electron
Back to the Future: Seeing Atoms
26.7 Radioactivity
26.8 Radioactive Decay
26.9 Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus

27 Origins of the Quantum Theory

27.1 Spectroscopy
27.2 Balmer's Series
Back to the Future: Fraunhofer and the Solar Spectrum
27.3 Blackbody Radiation
27.4 The Photoelectric Effect
Physics in Practice: Photons and Vision
27.5 Borh's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
27.6 Success of the Bohr Theory 
*27.7 Moseley and the Periodic Table

28 Quantum Mechanics

28.1 Classical and Quantum Mechanics 
28.2 The Compton Effect
28.3 De Broglie Waves
Back to the Future: Electron Microscopes 
28.4 Schrödingers Equation
28.5 The Uncertainty Principle 
28.6 Interpretation of the Wave Function
28.7 The Particle in a Box
28.8 Tunneling or Barrier Penetration
*28.9 Wave Theory of the Hydrogen Atom
*28.10 The Zeeman Effect and Space Quantization
*28.11 The Pauli Exclusion Principle 
*28.12 Understanding the Periodic Table

29 The Nucleus

29.1 Radioactivity 
29.2 Chadwick's Discovery of the Neutron
29.3 Composition and Size of the Nucleus 
29.4 Nuclear Forces and Binding Energy 
29.5 Conservation Rules:Radioactive and Nuclear Stability
29.6 Natural Radioactive Decay Series
29.7 Models for Alpha,Beta,and Gamma Decay
*29.8 Detectors of Radiation
*29.9 Radiation measurement and Biological Effects
29.10 Induced Transmutation and Reactions 
29.11 Nuclear Fission 
Back to the Future: Lisa Meitner and Nuclear Fission
29.12 Nuclear Fusion

30 Lasers,Holography,and Color

30.1 Stimulated Emission of Light 
30.2 Lasers 
30.3 The Helium-Neon Laser
30.4 Properties of Laser Light
30.5 Holography
30.6 Light and Color
Physics in Practice: White-Light Holograms
30.7 Color by Addition and Subtraction

31 Condensed Matter

31.1 Types of Condensed Matter
31.2 The Free-Electron Model of Metals
Physics in Practice: Liquid Crystal Displays
31.3 Electrical Conductivity and Ohm's Law
31.4 Band Theory of Solids
31.5 Pure Semiconductors 
31.6 The Hall Effect 
31.7 Impure Semiconductors 
31.8 The pnJunction 
*31.9 Rectifier Circuits 
*31.10 Solar Cells and Light-Emitting Diodes

32 Elementary Particle Physics

32.1 Particles and Antiparticles 
32.2 Pions and the Strong Nuclear Force
Back to the Future: Cosmic Rays
32.3 More and More Particles
*32.4 Acclerators and Detectors 
32.5 Classification of Elementary Particles
32.6 The Quark Model of Matter 
32.7 Unified Theories 
32.8 Cosmology 

Appendices
A Formulas from Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry 
B The International System of Units
C The Alphabetical List of Elements

Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

Photo Credits

Index

* Different teachers will emphasize different parts of the text. To make the choices easier,we have designated some material as optional. Sections marked with an asterisk may be safely omitted with out fear that their content will be needed in subsequent sections or chapters.

Contents

1 Measurements, Models, and Analysis

2 Motion in One Dimension