Essay Questions

  1. Explain how it is possible for developmentalists to study newborns and infants and learn about their early competencies.

  2. What are the main characteristics of physical growth during infancy?

  3. Describe and explain the significance of the different states of consciousness infants may experience.

  4. Summarize advice you would give to a friend about the nutritional needs of his newborn baby.

  5. Discuss the pros and cons of breast- versus bottle-feeding.

  6. Explain why good nutrition is important during infancy; cite appropriate evidence.

  7. What is most important to know about toilet training? Explain your answer.

  8. Draw a schematic representation of the brain. Label major brain regions and indicate their presumed functions.

  9. What major brain developments occur during infancy? What implications do these events have for behavioral development?

  10. How would you explain the importance of reflexes and their development to a friend?

  11. What is rhythmic motor behavior, and why is it important?

  12. Identify and describe the general patterns in the development of infant motor capabilities during the first year.

  13. Compare and contrast the development of gross and fine motor skills during infancy.

  14. Define the concept of developmental biodynamics, and explain how it differs from earlier views of the motor development.

  15. Define and distinguish sensation, perception, and intermodal perception. Explain why they pose interesting problems for study by developmentalists and what practical problems their study might solve.

  16. Compare and contrast the constructivist and ecological views of perceptual development.

  17. Apparently infants can imitate facial expression nearly at birth, but have 20-400 to 20-800 vision at birth. Explain how the apparent contradiction between these facts.

  18. How can we tell if infants have visual preferences? Give specific examples of known preferences in your answer.

  19. Discuss what we know about how infants look at human faces, and speculate about what infants see when they look at a human face.

  20. What perceptual constancies do infants possess? Do they have these at birth? How do we know?

  21. Discuss what we do and do not know about depth perception and visual expectations among infants.

  22. Explain what we know about the ability of infants to hear.

  23. Do infants feel pain? Describe and discuss evidence that challenges the traditional practice of not administering anesthetics to infants having operations.

  24. Explain the concept of "right stimulation for infants."


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