Critical Thinking Exercises
The Science of Child Development


  1. What is science? How does a scientific understanding of child development differ from an understanding produced by everyday experiences with people of various ages?

  2. Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of Freud and Erikson. Also explain whether Erikson changed psychoanalytic theory in a fundamental way.

  3. Identify significant culture- and gender-based criticisms of Freud’s theories. Are these criticisms important? Why?


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