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December 19, 1996


One of the most significant changes during the past decade in theories of learning is in new conceptions of the term "intelligence." Particularly important has been the work of Howard Gardner and his Multiple Intelligences Theory. Gardner emphasized that intelligence entails several different sets of skills for problem-solving that enable individuals to resolve genuine problems. He placed emphasis on intelligence as the ability to acquire new knowledge and to excel and create new intellectual products across a broad range of different spheres of activities.

He defined seven different types of intelligences, and emphasized that individuals can learn and know through each of these types, although schools have tended to emphasize primarily two types. The seven intelligences are verbal/linguistic and logical/mathematical intelligence, which have been the primary areas of attention within schools, and five other types that Gardner shows are additional fundamental ways of knowing and learning. These five other types are visual/spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligence. Gardner has recently written about the intelligence of leadership, which he considers to represent an eighth important type of intelligence.

Gardner's work on multiple intelligences has had a profound impact in schools and classrooms throughout the U.S., where there have been increasing efforts to address the learning strengths of students with varying profiles of intellectual strengths. Across the nation, attention has been given to increasing the variety of instructional procedures and activities in classrooms. Multimedia instruction (e.g., CD-ROM, CD-ROM, World Wide Web) is increasingly seen as a vehicle for drawing upon several different intelligences, including linguistic intelligence (through narration), visual/spatial intelligence (through imagery), and musical intelligence (through sound). This can supplement such things as hands-on learnin g(which also draws upoon bodily-kinesthetic intelligence) and collaborative learnin g(extending the intelligences involved to include interpersonal intelligence.)

What's New On the 'Net

What's New on the 'Net identifies a range of sites that address issues related to critical thinking and enable you to use the Internet and the World Wide Web to foster critical thinking in the classroom.




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