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July 1998
CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION


For centuries, it was believed that children are born with a large majority of their basic brain pathways already determined and formed. Research has now demonstrated that the contrary is true: beginning in infancy, significant learning occurs as the brain's neural connections are being formed. Infants, toddlers, and young children who are nurtured and experience a challenging, enriching environment are found to have greater brain activity than those children who experience environments that do not provide significant opportunities for learning and stimulation.

These findings have led to greater attention to the provision of learning experiences during the early years of childhood. In efforts to extend the benefits of early childhood programs to include children ages zero to three, additional federal and state programs have been established, including Early Head Start, Children First, Smart Start, and Healthy Start. Although the specific goals of these programs differ in scope, they are all aimed at addressing the needs of the "whole child." While variously defined, these needs include cognitive, language, physical and social development, nutrition, health, and safety.

These new early initiatives build on the previous success of Head Start and other preschool programs which have targeted low-income preschool children for more than 30 years. Long-term studies conducted with the well-known high-scope preschool program in Ypsilanti, Michigan, have shown that it not only increased reading scores, but also made it less likely for students to be held back a grade, to be placed in special education classes, or to drop out of high school.

The importance of providing nurturing learning environments and implementing practices that are developmentally appropriate in the early childhood years continues into the primary grades. Curriculum and instruction must be flexible enough to accommodate and foster each child's optimal development. Consideration must be given to the range of skills learned at home, in preschool programs, and in a variety of day-care settings.

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What's New on the Net identifies programs, studies and resources on the World Wide Web related to the school-to-work learning approach. The links include discussions of school-to-work programs, studies of these programs, suggestions for structuring them, resources for school-to-work learning, school-to-work legislation, and related publications and Web sites.


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