CHAPTER 1. TELLING AND RETELLING STORIES
READING AND INTERPRETATION
The Influence of Culture: Three Tellings of "Cinderella: (Disney,
Grimm, Chinese)
The Influence of Time
The Importance of Perspective
Riddling: Multiple Perspectives
Atwood, "you fit into me"
Plath, "Metaphors" (exercise)
Parody: Arnold's "Dover Beach" and Hecht's "The
Dover Bitch"
READING CRITICALLY AND THINKING CRITICALLY: WHAT VERSUS HOW AND WHY
Atwood, "Happy Endings"
CHAPTER 2. READING ACROSS GENRES: THE ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
TELLING THE TALE: THE ROLE OF THE SPEAKER
Browning, "Porphyria's Lover"
GETTING TO KNOW THE PEOPLE: CHARACTER AND CHARACTERIZATION
Silko, "Yellow Woman"
TIME AND PLACE: LOOKING AT SETTING
The Physical Setting
Glaspell, Trifles
The Temporal Setting
Retelling Time and Place
Cultural Setting
APPEALS TO THE SENSES: SOUND AND VISUAL IMAGERY
Sound and Sense
Frost, "Stopping by Woods"
Sight and Sense
Shakespeare, Sonnet 73 and Snodgrass, two retellings of Shakespeare's
Sonnet 73 (exercise)
THE READER'S ROLE: THE IMPORTANCE OF AUDIENCE
Differing World Views
Finding the Evidence
Roethke, "My Papa's Waltz"
CHAPTER 3. READING SHORT FICTION
Chopin, "The Story of an Hour"
ELEMENTS OF FICTION
The Narrator/Point of View
Plot
Character
Setting/Atmosphere
Theme
Fictional Form
CHAPTER 4. READING POETRY
THE SPEAKER
THE LANGUAGE OF POETRY
Word Choice
cummings, "In Just-"
Figurative Language
RHYTHM AND RHYME
The Beat Goes On: Stress and Sense in Poetry
Donne, "Batter my heart"
Dickinson, "Because I could not stop for death"
"Death, be not proud" (exercise)
Traditional Metrical Patterns
Rhyme
Alliteration and Assonance
POETIC STRUCTURE AND GENRE
Shakespeare, Sonnet 73 ("That time of year")
CHAPTER 5. READING DRAMA
Valdez, Los Vendidos
ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
The Absence of the Narrator
Plot and Structure
Character
Two movie stills for Hamlet
Setting and Staging
The Audience and Dramatic Irony
Theme
DRAMATIC CONVENTIONS: THE FOURTH WALL
TYPES OF DRAMA
Tragedy
Comedy
Tragicomedy
CHAPTER 6. READING NONFICTION AND OTHER NON-LITERARY TEXTS
READING ESSAYS
Types of Essays
The Narrative Essay
The Descriptive Essay
The Argumentative or Analytical Essay
Rapping, "In Praise of Roseanne"
Elements of Essays
Thesis
Tone and Style
Structure
CRITICAL READING AND NONFICTION: "RETELLING STORIES OF "FACT"
READING OTHER TEXTS
Buying a Story: Advertising
The New Beetle (graphic)
Storytelling in Film and Television
Frame from The English Patient
Elements of Film and Television
Film, Television, and Drama
Film and Fiction
CHAPTER 7. WRITING FROM START TO FINISH
GETTING READY TO WRITE
Keeping a Journal and Freewriting
Annotating a Text
Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress"
Summarizing the Work
Playing with Word Associations
Asking Reporter's Questions
MOVING TOWARD A THESIS
Finding Some Answers
Formulating the Thesis Question
MOVING TOWARD THE FIRST DRAFT
Writing Notes and Questions
A Rough Outline
Outline/Draft
THE PARTS OF THE PAPER: WORKING ON THE INTRODUCTION, BODY, AND CONCLUSION
The Introduction
The Body Paragraphs: Supplying the Argument and Using Evidence
Using Quotations
Writing a Conclusion
REVISING AND EDITING
Revising
Editing
A Note on Writing with a Word Processor
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
Johnson, "`In Thy Marble Vault': Violence and Coercion in Andrew
Marvell's `To His Coy Mistress'" (student essay)
CHAPTER 8. MONSTERS AND HEROES
Chapter Frontispiece: John Tenniel's Illustration of "Jabberwocky"
(BW)
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
Carroll, "Jabberwocky"
AN ALBUM OF RETELLINGS:
The Modern Monster
Oates, "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?"
Visual from Smooth Talk
Moser, "The Pied Piper of Tucson"
Dylan, "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue"
Grien, Death and the Maiden
Monstrous Crime
Carter, "The Fall River Ax Murders"
McGovern and Powers, Three Lyrics from Lizzie Borden (a musical)
"The House on the Hill"
"Fly Away"
"I Cry Alone"
"In a New Light" (from The New York Recorder)
"Will Go to the Jury To-Day" (from The New York Times)
"Guilty-No! No!" (from Sunday Post)
King, "A WASP Looks at Lizzie Borden"
The Borden Home (WWW site for Lizzie Borden Bed and Breakfast and Museum)
The Wandering Hero: The Odysseus Story
Selections from Homer
Tennyson, "Ulysses"
Cavafy, "Ithaka"
Howard, "Ithaca: The Palace at 4 a.m."
Parker, "Penelope"
Pastan,"Rereading The Odyssey in Middle Age"
Dickey (William), "Telemachus"
Glück, "Telemachus' Fantasy"
A Brief Introduction to Shakespeare's Theater
Blurring the Line: The Tempest
Shakespeare, The Tempest
Poster for Forbidden Planet
Condon, "The Usurped Turns Usurper" (student writing)
Goto, "Miranda Cries . . ."
Greger, "Miranda on the British Isles"
Hecht (Roger), "Ferdinand to Prospero at Milan"
Césaire, A Tempest
"Enchanted Island"
FURTHER REFLECTIONS: A Collection of Works on the Theme of Monsters and
Heroes
Poetry
Browning, "My Last Duchess"
Cummings, "Buffalo Bill's"
Housman, "To An Athlete Dying Young"
Keats, "La Belle Dame Sans Merci"
Plath, "Daddy"
Short Stories
Atwood, "Rape Fantasies"
Marquez, "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings"
O'Connor, "A Good Man Is Hard To Find"
Poe, "The Tell-Tale Heart"
Updike, "A & P"
Chapter Frontispiece: Illustration (Gerôme's Pygmalion and Galatea) (BW)
Essay
Engle, "What Makes Superman So Darned American?"
MAKING CONNECTIONS: Chapter Questions on the Theme of Monsters and Heroes
CHAPTER 9. LOVE AND FRIENDSHIP
Chapter Frontispiece: Illustration (Gerôme's Pygmalion and Galatea)
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
Petrarch, Sonnet 130
Shakespeare, Sonnet 126 (My mistress's eyes)
Hayden, "Those Winter Sundays"
AN ALBUM OF RETELLINGS
In Praise of the Beloved
Shakespeare, "Shall I compare thee"
Moss, "Shall I compare thee"
The Wooing Game
Marlowe, "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love"
Raleigh, "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd"
Donne, "The Bait"
C. Day Lewis, "Song"
Williams, "Raleigh Was Right"
Nash, "Love under the Republicans (or Democrats)"
Love and Marriage
Li Po, "Song from Chang-Kan"
Pound, "The River Merchant's Wife: A Letter"
Hirsch, "The River Merchant"
A Question of Fidelity
Chekhov, "The Lady with the Pet Dog"
Oates, "The Lady with the Pet Dog"
Charamuga, on "The Two Worlds of Gurov" (student writing)
Bringing Up the Past
Carver, "Cathedral"
Gallagher, "Rain Flooding Your Campfire"
Gallagher, "The Harvest" (excerpt)
The Family and Beyond: The Story of Ruth
Hebrew Ruth story
Piercy, "The Book of Ruth and Naomi"
Rothschild, "Growing Up and Older with Ruth"
Immortal Love
Plate of the Cluny La Vue (Sight) tapestry (from The Lady and the Unicorn
series)
Sarton, "The Lady and the Unicorn: The Cluny Tapestries"
The Unicorn in Captivity
Lindbergh, "The Unicorn in Captivity"
Thurber, "The Unicorn in the Garden"
FURTHER REFLECTIONS: A Collection of Works on the Theme of Love and Friendship
Poetry
Blake, "The Sick Rose"
Ginsburg, "Supermarket in California"
Giovanni, "Woman"
Hughes, "Mother to Son"
Liu, "My Father's Martial Art"
Mirikitani, "Desert Flowers"
Mora, "Borders"
Piercy, "A Work of Artifice"
Song, "The Youngest Daughter"
Short Stories
Faulkner, "A Rose for Emily"
Gilman, "The Yellow Wallpaper"
Hurston, "Sweat"
Joyce, "Araby"
Munro, "The Found Boat"
Olsen, "I Stand Here Ironing"
Porter, "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall"
Walker, "Everyday Use"
Drama A Brief Introduction to the Modern Theater
Still from a 1994 film version of Oleanna
Mamet, Oleanna
Essays
Ddion, "Some Dreamers of the Golden Dream"
MAKING CONNECTIONS: Chapter Questions on the Theme of Love and Friendship
CHAPTER 10. LIFE PASSAGES
Chapter Frontispiece: optical illusion of woman at vanity/skull
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
Hall, "My Son My Executioner"
AN ALBUM OF RETELLINGS:
Childhood and Innocence: Little Red Riding Hood
Perrault, "Little Red Riding Hood"
Grimm, "Little Red Cap"
Lee, "Wolfland"
Carter, "The Company of Wolves"
Blackwell, "Li'l Red Riding Hood"
Dahl, "Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf"
Broumas, "Little Red Riding Hood"
Doré, illustration of Little Red Riding Hood
Bettelheim, "Little Red Riding Hood"
Two Reader Response Journals on Little Red Riding Hood (student writing)
Munroe Perez
Faustman, "From the Belly of the Wolf"
Childhood Lost and Found: Peter Pan
Barrie, "Peter Pan"
Barrie, From "The Little White Bird"
Barrie, "When Wendy Grew Up" (from Peter and Wendy)
Frampton, Statue of Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens
Leigh, "I Won't Grow Up"
McMahon, "Peter Pan"
Modeling and Play: The World of Barbie
U.S. Postal Service, 33¢ stamp of Barbie
Piercy, "Barbie Doll"
McMahon, "Barbie's Ferrari"
Joseph, "Barbie's Little Sister"
Lord, "Who Is Barbie, Anyway?"
Venturing Out into the World
Mansfield, "Her First Ball"
Ihimaera, "His First Ball"
Death and Beyond
Thomas, "Do Not Go Gentle . . ."
Pastan, "Go Gentle"
Dickinson, "I heard a fly buzz"
Waniek, "Emily Dickinson's Defunct"
FURTHER REFLECTIONS: A Collection of Works on the Theme of Growing Up and
Older
Poetry
Bishop, "Sestina"
Blake, "The Lamb" (with illustration)
Blake, "The Tyger" (with illustration)
Brooks, "We Real Cool"
Frost, "Birches"
Heaney, "Mid-term Break"
Lawrence, "Piano"
Lee, "I Ask My Mother To Sing"
Olds, "Rites of Passage"
Shelley, "Ozymandias"
Short Stories
Alexie, "A Good Story"
Bambara, "The Lesson"
Cather, "Paul's Case"
Ellison, "Battle Royal"
Erdrich, "The Red Convertible"
Kincaid, "Girl"
Essays
McCarthy, "The Tin Butterfly"
White, "Once More to the Lake"
MAKING CONNECTIONS: Chapter Questions on the Theme of Growing Up and Older
CHAPTER 11. INNOCENCE LOST
Chapter Frontispiece: Matisse, Icaire
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
Reed, "Naming of Parts"
AN ALBUM OF RETELLINGS
Transgressions: Lot's Wife
Genesis 19
Akhmatova, "Lot's Wife"
Smith, "Lot's Wife"
Batey, "Lot's Wife"
Holbo, "Gomorrah"
Rukeyser, "Ms. Lot"
Testing the Limits: The Story of Icarus
Ovid, Icarus story from The Metamorphoses
Breughel, Landscape with Fall of Icarus
Auden, "Musee des Beaux Arts"
Williams, "Landscape with the Fall of Icarus"
Sexton, "To a Friend Whose Work . . . "
Rukeyser, "Waiting for Icarus"
Hayden, "O Daedalus"
Braniff, "The Insignificance of Icarus" (student writing)
A World of Horror
Münch, The Scream
Two parodies of Münch's The Scream (two Home Alone posters)
Hall, "The Scream"
Everyman and Every Day
Auden, "The Unknown Citizen"
Nemerov, "The Life Cycle of the Common Man"
Wordsworth, "The World Is Too Much with Us"
Levertov, "O Taste and See"
Modern Disillusionment
Stevens, "Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock"
Cleminshaw, "Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock"
Warring Within: Birmingham and the Struggle for Civil Rights
Randall, "Ballad of Birmingham"
Patterson, "Birmingham 1963"
Farina, "Birmingham Sunday"
Hughes, "Birmingham Sunday"
Harper, "American History"
Merton, "And the Children of Birmingham"
The Perspective of Time: Two Reports of the Birmingham Bombing
Newsweek report (Sept. 30, 1963)
Sikora, excerpt from Until Justice Rolls Down
Memorializing Vietnam
Southwell, "The Burning Babe"
Levertov, "Advent 1966"
Teter, Reflections
Dana, "At the Vietnam War Memorial, Washington, D.C."
Young Bear, "Wadasa Nakamoon, Vietnam Memorial"
Ehrhart, "Midnight at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial"
McDonald, "Black Granite Burns Like Ice"
Schultz, "Vietnam War Memorial Night"
Komunyakaa, "Facing It"
Reidhammer-Basurto, "The Crowd on the Wall" (student poem)
Allen, "Offerings at the Wall"
Scott, "Meditations in Black: The Vietnam Veterans Memorial"
Peace in the Night Sky
Van Gogh, Starry Night
Sexton, "The Starry Night"
McLean, "Vincent"
FURTHER REFLECTIONS: A Collection of Works on the Theme of Innocence Lost
Poetry
Bishop, "The Fish"
Blake, "London"
Dunbar, "We Wear the Mask"
Hughes, "Harlem"
Jarrell, "The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner"
Owen, "Dulce et Decorum Est"
Roethke, "Dolor"
Thomas, "The Hand that Signed the Paper"
Yeats, "Lake Isle of Innisfree"
Yeats, "The Second Coming"
Short Stories
Crane, "The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky"
Hawthorne, "Young Goodman Brown"
Hemingway, "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place"
Jackson, "The Lottery"
Jen, "In the American Society"
Lawrence, "The Rocking-Horse Winner"
O'Brien, "The Things They Carried"
Williams, "The Use of Force"
Drama A Brief Introduction to Greek Drama
Sophocles, Antigone
Essays
Swift, "A Modest Proposal"
Orwell, "Marrakech"
MAKING CONNECTIONS: Chapter Questions on the Theme of Innocence Lost
CHAPTER 12: A CASEBOOK ON OEDIPUS: LIVING WITH FATE
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
Sophocles, Oedipus
Still from 1968 movie of Oedipus
Cavafy, "Oedipus"
Muir, "Oedipus"
Jarrell, "The Sphinx's Riddle"
Dennis, "Oedipus the King"
Lehrer, "Oedipus Rex"
Rukeyser, "Myth"
Sheck, "Filming Jocasta"
Gallaher, "Jocasta"
Freud on the Oedipus complex
Two Critical Essays on Oedipus:
P. H. Vellacott, "The Guilt of Oedipus"
E. R. Dodds's "On Misunderstanding the Oedipus Rex"
Dove, The Darker Face of the Earth
Dove, The Recognition Scene from the 1st edition of The Darker Face of the
Earth
MAKING CONNECTIONS: Oedipus: Living with Fate
TOPICS FOR RESEARCH: Oedipus: Living with Fate
CHAPTER 13. A CASEBOOK ON HAMLET : MURDER AND MADNESS
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
Shakespeare, Hamlet
Branagh, movie still and two excerpts from Hamlet (screenplay)
Burnett, "The `Very Cunning of the Scene': Kenneth Branagh's
Hamlet"
Atwood, "Gertrude Talks Back"
MacNeice, "Rites of War"
Ciardi, "Hamlet in the Wings"
Simpson, "Laertes in Paris"
Association of the Bar of the City of New York, The Elsinore Appeal: People
v. Hamlet (excerpt)
Bohannan, "Shakespeare in the Bush"
Miller and Goldblatt, "Defining the Hamlet Syndrome," from "The
Hamlet Syndrome: Overthinkers Who Underachieve" (excerpt)
Pipher, from "Reviving Ophelia" (excerpt)
Jones, "Tragedy and the Mind of the Infant"
Heilbrun, "The Character of Hamlet's Mother"
MAKING CONNECTIONS: Hamlet
TOPICS FOR RESEARCH: Hamlet
CHAPTER 14. A CASEBOOK ON DR. JEKYLL AND MR. HYDE: WHAT LIES WITHIN
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
Stevenson, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
"The Strange Case of Dr. T. and Mr. H., Or Two Single Gentlemen rolled
into one." (Punch parody)
Two Covers for Comic Book Retellings of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
McMullan, "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" (excerpts from a children's
version)
Eprile, "A True History of the Notorious Mr. Edward Hyde"
James, from Partial Portraits
Showalter, "Dr. Jekyll's Closet"
MAKING CONNECTIONS: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: What Lies Within
TOPICS FOR RESEARCH: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: What Lies Within
APPENDIX 1: WRITING ASSIGNMENTS
BREAKING THE BOUNDARIES: QUESTIONS THAT MOVE ACROSS THEMES
SOME COMMON ASSIGNMENTS
Explication
Lee, "Time and Structure in `That Time of Year'" (student
writing)
Analysis
Comparison and Contrast
MacLeish, "You, Andrew Marvell"
Ackerman, "A Fine, A Private Place"
Meinke, "To His Coy Mistress, 1966"
Rallis, "`To His Coy Mister' and "`To His Coy Mister':
A Seize the Gay Poem" (student poem and essay)
Review
APPENDIX 2: USING AND DOCUMENTING SOURCES
DOING THE RESEARCH
Taking Notes
Quotation, Summary, and Paraphrase
Avoiding Plagiarism
CITATION AND DOCUMENTATION
Parenthetical Citations
Documentation
Di Filippo, "Paul's Case and the Greed for Pleasure" (student
writing)
APPENDIX 3: SCHOOLS OF LITERARY CRITICISM
Gender Studies
Socio-Historical Criticism
New Historicism
Postcolonial Criticism
Marxist Criticism
Cultural Studies