alley – a narrow space between two buildings

church – place of worship for the Christian religion

cowboy – a man who took cattle across the country

drought – a long period with no rain

enormous – very large

famine – a period when people have little or no food

frontier – a wild area with no towns or cities

ghost towns – towns where nobody lives now

(the) Great Plains – huge spaces of flat land in the midwestern part of the United States

hardship – a difficult situation

homeland – the country where a person was born

hostility – strong anger

immigrant – a person who comes to a country to live

industrialization – building of more and more factories

miner – a person who digs for silver, gold, coal, diamonds, etc.

newcomer – a person who has recently come to a place to live; an immigrant

persecution – torture or punishment

plains – huge spaces of flat land

ranch – a large grassland area for raising cattle

resent – to feel anger toward

scapegoat – a person who takes the blame for others; a victim

synagogue – place of worship for the Jewish religion

treaties – written agreements between nations

(the) Wild West - the western United States in its frontier period