Chapter 4Laboratory Experiences
1.Using an anatomical model or the Dynamic Human CD in conjunction with the material in this chapter, review the bones of the human skeleton. Select a specific bone from each of the four shape categories and explain how each bone’s size, shape, and internal structure are suited to its biomechanical function.
Short bone:
Relationship of form to function:
Flat bone:
Irregular bone:
Long bone:
2.Select three bones on an anatomical model or on the Dynamic Human CD and study each bone’s shape. What do the bone shapes indicate about the probable locations of muscle tendon attachments and the directions in which the muscles exert force?
Bone 1:
Description of shape:
Locations of tendon attachments:
Directions of muscle forces:
Bone 2:
Bone 3:
3.Review the Histology section under The Skeletal System on the Dynamic Human CD and compare the microstructure of compact (cortical) and spongy (trabecular) bone. Write a paragraph summarizing how the structure of each bone type contributes to its function.
Summary for compact bone:
Summary for spongy bone:
4.Using a paper soda straw as a model of a long bone, progressively apply compression to the straw by loading it with weights until it buckles. Using a system of clamps and a pulley, repeat the experiment, progressively loading straws in tension and shear to failure. Record the weight at which each straw failed and write a paragraph discussing your results and relating them to long bones.
Failure weights for compression:
tension:
shear:
Discussion:
5.Visit some of the World Wide Web sites listed at the end of this chapter, or go to the Clinical Concepts section under The Skeletal System on the Dynamic Human CD and locate a picture and description of a surgical repair of a bone injury of interest. Write a paragraph summarizing how the surgical repair was performed.
Website:
Bone:
Type of surgical repair:
Description: