Chapter 8 Laboratory Experiences

1. Study anatomical models of the hip, knee, and ankle or use the Dynamic Human CD to locate and identify the major bones and muscle attachments. (On the Dynamic Human CD, click on skeletal, anatomy, gross anatomy, lower limbs, femur, patella, tibia/fibula, and then foot.)

Bones articulating at the hip:

Bones articulating at the knee:

Bones articulating at the ankle:

2. Study anatomical models of the hip, knee, and ankle or use the Dynamic Human CD to locate and identify the major muscles and their attachment sites. (On the Dynamic Human CD, click on muscular, anatomy, body regions, thigh, and then lower leg.)

Muscles of the thigh:

Muscles of the lower leg:

3. Using the Dynamic Human CD, click on skeletal, clinical concepts, and then joint disorders. Also review the relevant material in the chapter and write a paragraph explaining what kinds of activities and injuries can lead to osteoarthritis of the knee.

4. From the side view, videotape a volunteer walking at a slow pace, a normal pace, and a fast pace. Review the videotape several times and construct a chart that characterizes the differences in lower extremity kinematics among the three trials. Explain what differences in muscle activity are associated with the major kinematic differences.

5. From the side view, videotape a volunteer rising from a seated position. Review the videotape several times and construct a list indicating the sequencing and timing of the major joint actions and the associated activity of major muscle groups.