A thorough study of Chapter Fifteen should enable the student to understand:

1. The conditions in the former Confederacy after Appomattox that would have made most difficult any attempt at genuine reconstruction.

2. The differences between the Conservative and Radical views on the reconstruction process, and the reasons for the eventual Radical domination.

3. The functioning of the impeachment process in the case of President Andrew Johnson, and the significance of his acquittal for the future of Reconstruction.

4. Radical Reconstruction in practice, and Southern (black and white) reaction to it.

5. The debate among historians concerning the nature of Reconstruction, its accomplishments, and its harmful effects on the South.

6. The national problems faced by President Ulysses S. Grant, and the reasons for his lack of success as chief executive.

7. The diplomatic successes of the Johnson and Grant administrations, and the role of the presidents in achieving them.

8. The greenback question, and how it reflected the postwar financial problems of the nation.

9. The alternatives that were available during the election of 1876, and the effects of the so-called Compromise of 1877 on the South and on the nation.

10. The methods used in the South to regain control of its own affairs, and what course of action it chose thereafter.

11. The reasons for the failure of the South to develop a strong industrial economy after Reconstruction.

12. The ways in which Southerners decided to handle the race question, and the origin of the system identified with "Jim Crow."