Nation of Nations 3/e Davidson, Gienapp, Heyrman, Lytle, and Stoff
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KEY EVENTS

1777 Continental Congress approves the Articles of Confederation: the first national government is created

1781 Articles of Confederation ratified

1784 Spain closes the Mississippi River to American navigation: hoping to lure Americans living in the Old Southwest into the Spanish empire

1785 Jay-Gardoqui Treaty negotiated but not ratified: sectional tensions enflamed by the treaty's provisions

1786 Shays' Rebellion: farmers rise in armed protest in Massachusetts

Annapolis convention calls for revising the Articles

1787 Congress adopts the Northwest Ordinance

Constitutional Convention: delegates draft an entirely new framework for the national government

1787-1788 Publication of the Federalist Papers: Madison, Jay, and Hamilton defend the proposed Constitution

1788 New Hampshire becomes ninth state to ratify Constitution

1791 Bill of Rights adopted: in response to the concerns of the Anti-federalists

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